LA RAPPRESENTAZIONE IN LINGUAGGIO DELLA GIUSTIZIA COME FIABA Modelli argomentativi della discriminazione nella cultura digitale francese e italiana

People think in terms of mental models. Johnson-Laird says that the limits of our models are the limits of our world (1988, p. 470). One of the central models in our life is that of fairy-tales. In most everyday situations, at work, at home, in public or private spaces,there is a persecutor, a victim and a rescuer(as described by Karpman 1968 and later works). This fairy-tale structure can be applied to other fields as well. In contemporary Italian and French digital culture one of the most frequent uses of the fairy-tales dynami can be verified in web-forums where users speak out against immigration to justify the right of an innocent Victim (position assumed the arguing speaker) to defend oneself against the Persecutor(the immigrants)or to ask the Rescuer for help.The ‘story of self-defense’ and the ‘storyof rescue’are the two narrative structures found in all classical fairy-tales.In this paper we are going to show that the speech-acts used in web-based arguments against immigration and those used in classical fairy-tales are the same,and that the performance of the argumentation is corresponding to the narrative features of the specific natural language used in the fairy-tale (here Italian and French).We will try to show that the (im)moral grounds of discrimination speech depend on a cultural mental model which is related to the specific natural language framing it

人类依托心理模型（mental models）进行思考。约翰逊-莱尔德（Johnson-Laird）曾指出，我们的心理模型之边界，即是我们认知世界的边界（1988，第470页）。人生中核心的心理模型之一，便是童话叙事模型。在多数日常场景中——无论是工作场合、居家环境，还是公共或私人空间——都存在迫害者、受害者与救助者的三角关系（该框架由卡普曼于1968年在其相关著作中提出，后续亦有相关研究延伸该理论）。这类童话叙事结构同样可应用于其他领域。在当代意大利与法国数字文化中，童话叙事动力学的应用极为常见，其中尤以网络论坛场景为甚：论坛用户会借由反对移民的言论，为自身作为"无辜受害者"（即发言者自身所处的立场）对抗"迫害者"（即移民群体）以捍卫自身权益，或是向"救助者"寻求援助的行为提供正当性辩护。"自卫叙事"与"救助叙事"，便是所有经典童话中最核心的两类叙事结构。本文将论证：反对移民的网络论辩中所使用的言语行为（speech act），与经典童话中的言语行为完全一致；且此类论辩的叙事表达，与该童话所依托的特定自然语言（本文中为意大利语与法语）的叙事特征高度契合。我们还将进一步证明：歧视性言论背后的（非）道德根基，实则依托于一种文化心理模型，而该模型又与其所依托的特定自然语言的叙事框架紧密相关。