Quality of sesame seeds produced under soil salinity levels1

ABSTRACT Sesame is considered an alternative crop for small and medium farmers in the Brazilian Northeast region. However, under the conditions of the northeastern semi-arid region, the scarcity of good quality water for irrigation may lead to a reduction in the quality of the final product. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of sesame seeds produced under levels of soil salinity. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme, with three replicates, corresponding to sesame cultivars (BRS Seda, BRS G2, BRS G3, BRS G4 and BRS Anahi) and soil salinity levels with the following values for electrical conductivity: 0.6 dS m-1, 1.2 dS m-1, 1.8 dS m-1, 2.4 dS m-1 and 3.0 dS m-1. The physiological quality was characterized based on tests of germination, first germination count, germination speed index, radicle length, seed electrical conductivity, emergence, emergence speed index and seedling dry matter. BRS Seda, BRS G2 and BRS G3, cultivated under salinity levels, present seeds with a better physiological quality, demonstrating a higher tolerance to salt stress conditions. The BRS Seda and BRS G2 cultivars tolerate salinity levels of up to 2.4 dS m-1, while BRS G3 tolerates levels of up to 1.8 dS m-1. BRS G4 and BRS Anahi have the physiological quality of their seeds compromised by the increase in the soil salinity, during their production.

摘要：芝麻是巴西东北部地区中小农户的优选替代作物。但在该区域半干旱环境下，灌溉优质水资源匮乏可能导致最终产品品质下降。本研究旨在评估不同土壤盐分水平下生产的芝麻籽的生理品质。实验采用完全随机设计，设置5×5因子试验方案并设置3次重复，试验因子涵盖芝麻品种（BRS Seda、BRS G2、BRS G3、BRS G4及BRS Anahi）与土壤盐分水平，后者的电导率值分别为0.6 dS·m⁻¹、1.2 dS·m⁻¹、1.8 dS·m⁻¹、2.4 dS·m⁻¹及3.0 dS·m⁻¹。生理品质通过发芽率、初次发芽计数、发芽速度指数、胚根长度、种子电导率、出苗率、出苗速度指数及幼苗干物质重等指标进行表征。在盐分胁迫下种植的BRS Seda、BRS G2与BRS G3所结籽实具备更优的生理品质，表现出对盐胁迫环境更强的耐受性。其中BRS Seda与BRS G2品种可耐受最高2.4 dS·m⁻¹的土壤盐分水平，而BRS G3可耐受最高1.8 dS·m⁻¹的盐分水平。土壤盐分水平升高会降低BRS G4与BRS Anahi在种植过程中所产籽实的生理品质。