Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS): Enrollments, 2011

<p>IPEDS collects data on postsecondary education in the United States in seven areas: institutional characteristics, institutional prices, enrollment, student financial aid, degrees and certificates conferred, student persistence and success, and institutional human and fiscal resources. Because enrollment patterns differ greatly among the various types of postsecondary institutions, there is a need for both different measures of enrollment and several indicators of access. In IPEDS, the following enrollment-related data are collected: Fall Enrollment — Fall enrollment is the traditional measure of student access to higher education. Fall enrollment data can be looked at by race/ethnicity; gender; enrollment status (part-time or full-time); and or level of study (undergraduate or graduate). Residence of First-Time Students — Data on the number of first-time freshmen by state of residence, along with data on the number who graduated from high school the previous year, serve to monitor the flow of students across state lines and calculate college-going rates by state. These data are collected in even-numbered years. Age Data — The age distribution of enrolled students offers insight into the relationship between the changing demographics of college-going cohorts and enrollment in different types of postsecondary institutions. They also permit detailed projections of enrollment by institutional type and by age. Because a student’s dependency status is strongly related to age, the data can be used to provide estimates of the number of independent and dependent students attending postsecondary institutions. These data are collected in odd-numbered years. Unduplicated 12-Month Head Count — Enrollment figures based on the unduplicated head count of students enrolled over a 12-month period is particularly valuable for institutions that use non-traditional calendar systems and offer short-term programs. Because this enrollment measure encompasses an entire year, it provides a more complete picture of the number of students these schools serve. Instructional Activity — Data on instructional activity is measured in total credit and/or contact hours delivered by institutions during a 12-month period. Total Entering Class — Data on the number of incoming students (students enrolling for the first time in a postsecondary institution versus students transferring in from another postsecondary institution) at an institution. This measure permits the calculation of the graduation rate cohort as a proportion of the total entering student body.</p>

IPEDS（高等教育集成数据系统）负责收集美国高等教育领域的七大类数据，具体包括院校特征、院校学费、招生情况、学生经济资助、授予学位与证书、学生留存与学业成就，以及院校人力与财政资源。由于不同类型高等院校的招生模式差异显著，因此既需要多元化的招生衡量指标，也需要多项入学机会表征指标。在IPEDS框架内，校方将收集以下与招生相关的数据：秋季招生（Fall Enrollment）：秋季招生是衡量学生获取高等教育机会的传统指标，该类数据可按种族/族裔、性别、招生状态（兼职或全日制）以及学习层次（本科或研究生）进行细分查询；首次入学学生生源地（Residence of First-Time Students）：该数据统计按居住州划分的首次入学新生人数，同时配套收录上一年度高中毕业的学生人数，用于监测跨州流动的学生规模，并计算各州的高等教育入学率，此类数据于偶数年份采集；年龄数据（Age Data）：在读学生的年龄分布可用于探析高等教育适龄群体人口结构变化与不同类型院校招生之间的关联，同时支持按院校类型与年龄维度开展精细化的招生规模预测，由于学生的经济依附状态与年龄高度相关，该数据还可用于估算高等院校在读的独立与非独立学生人数，此类数据于奇数年份采集；非重复12个月总人数（Unduplicated 12-Month Head Count）：基于12个月周期内在读学生的非重复总人数统计的招生数据，对于采用非传统学制与短期项目的院校而言尤为实用，由于该招生统计覆盖完整年度，能够更全面地展现此类院校服务的学生规模；教学活动数据（Instructional Activity）：该类数据以院校在12个月周期内提供的总学分和/或教学接触学时为统计维度；总入学新生班（Total Entering Class）：该数据统计院校的新生总人数，包含首次进入高等院校就读的学生与从其他高等院校转学而来的学生，该指标可用于计算以总入学新生群体为基数的毕业率队列占比。