Analysis of cardiac exams: electrocardiogram and echocardiogram use In Duchenne muscular dystrophies

Introduction Duchenne Muscular Dystrophies (DMD) is a genetic muscle disorder that causes degeneration and atrophy of skeletal muscle and heart. Objective The aim of this survey is accomplish an evaluation electrocardiographic and echocardiography in the patients bearers of Duchene Muscular Dystrophies (DMD), to observe which alterations, which the degree of cardiac compromising these patient present and the effectiveness of these exams in the evaluation cardiologic. Methods Nine patients of the sex male bearers of DMD, with medium age of 14.12 ± 4.19 years, varying of 7 to 23 years were appraised. All were submitted to the evaluation physiotherapy and the cardiologic: electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. Results The experimental conditions of the present survey we propitiate the observation of the alterations echocardiography, as well as: significant increase in the diastolic diameter of the left ventricular (LV), increase in the systolic diameter of the left atrium (LA), and significant decrease of the ejection fraction of the LV, characterizing global systolic function reduced, and of the alterations electrocardiographic suggested possible overload of RV, septum hypertrophy, blockade of left previous fascicle and overload of atrium left. Compatible alterations of hypertrophy left ventricular were not observed. Conclusion The evidences corroborate with the data described in the literature in the characterization of an important heart compromising that these patient present, like this the evaluation cardiologic, through the complemented exams of the echocardiography and electrocardiography provide important information for the prognostic, the accompaniment, and the treatment of patient bearers of DMD.

杜氏肌营养不良症（Duchenne Muscular Dystrophies, DMD）是一种遗传性肌肉疾病，可引发骨骼肌与心肌的变性萎缩。本调研旨在评估杜氏肌营养不良症（DMD）患者的心电图与超声心动图表现，观察此类患者的心脏受累类型、受累程度，以及上述两项检查在心脏评估中的应用价值。本研究纳入9例男性杜氏肌营养不良症患者，平均年龄为14.12±4.19岁，年龄范围为7~23岁。所有受试者均接受康复评估与心脏专项检查：心电图检查及超声心动图检查。本调研的实验设计使得我们能够观察到多类超声心动图异常表现，具体包括：左心室（Left Ventricular, LV）舒张末期内径显著增大、左心房（Left Atrium, LA）收缩末期内径增加，以及左心室射血分数显著降低，提示整体收缩功能减退；同时心电图异常表现提示可能存在右心室（Right Ventricular, RV）负荷过重、室间隔肥厚、左前分支传导阻滞及左心房负荷过重。未观察到符合左心室肥厚的典型异常改变。本研究结果与现有文献报道相符，证实此类患者存在显著的心脏受累情况。因此，通过超声心动图与心电图这两项补充检查开展心脏评估，可为杜氏肌营养不良症患者的预后判断、病情随访及治疗方案制定提供重要参考信息。