Status of perinatal birth defects in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2022

Objective To analyze the incidence, regional distribution, disease sequence and disease spectrum of perinatal birth defects in Xinjiang from January 2019 - December 2022.Methods The hospital monitoring data of birth defects in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2022 were analyzed.Results The average annual incidence of birth defects was 230.103 per 10,000 in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2022, and the incidence of birth defects remained basically stable during the four years(χ2=4.757,P=0.190), with significant differences among different regions (χ2=3039.965, P < 0.001). The incidence of birth defects was different in perinatal sex (χ2=37.386, P < 0.001), maternal age χ2=76.313, P < 0.001) and urban and rural areas (χ2=1478.493, P < 0.001). The top five types of birth defects were congenital heart disease, multiple fingers/toes (left and right), clubfoot (left and right), other abnormalities of the outer ear, and total cleft lip.Conclusions The incidence of birth defects in Xinjiang is still at a high level, and it is necessary to take active measures for comprehensive prevention and control before, before and after pregnancy, improve the quality of maternal health care, popularize prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis technology in all regions, and reduce the incidence of birth defects as much as possible.

研究目的：分析2019年1月至2022年12月新疆地区围产期出生缺陷的发生率、地区分布、疾病顺位及疾病谱。
研究方法：分析2019-2022年新疆出生缺陷医院监测数据。
研究结果：2019-2022年新疆出生缺陷年均发生率为230.103/万，四年间发生率基本保持稳定（χ²=4.757，P=0.190）；不同地区出生缺陷发生率差异具有统计学意义（χ²=3039.965，P<0.001）。围产期性别、母亲年龄及城乡地区的出生缺陷发生率均存在显著差异（χ²分别为37.386、76.313、1478.493，均P<0.001）。位居前五位的出生缺陷类型依次为先天性心脏病、双侧多指（趾）、双侧马蹄内翻足、外耳其他畸形、完全性唇裂。
研究结论：新疆地区出生缺陷发生率仍处于较高水平，需积极采取孕前、孕期及产后综合防控措施，提升孕产妇保健服务质量，在各地区普及产前筛查与产前诊断技术，尽可能降低出生缺陷的发生率。