黑河生态水文遥感试验：水文气象观测网数据集（阿柔超级站气象要素梯度观测系统-2015）

该数据集包含了2015年1月1日至2015年12月31日黑河水文气象观测网上游阿柔超级站气象要素梯度观测系统数据。站点位于青海省祁连县阿柔乡草达坂村，下垫面是高寒草地。观测点的经纬度是100.4643E,38.0473N，海拔3033m。空气温度、相对湿度、风速传感器分别架设在1m、2m、5m、10m、15m、25m处，共6层，朝向正北；风向传感器架设在10m处，朝向正北；气压计安装在2m处；翻斗式雨量计安装在阿柔超级站40m观测塔上；四分量辐射仪安装在5m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在5m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；光合有效辐射仪安装在5m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向上；土壤部分传感器埋设在塔体正南方向2m处，其中土壤热流板（自校正式）（3块）均埋设在地下6cm处；平均土壤温度传感器TCAV埋设在地下2cm、4cm处；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm、6cm、10cm、15cm、20cm、30cm、40cm、60cm、80cm、120cm、160cm、200cm、240cm、280cm、320cm处，其中4cm和10cm这两层有三个重复；土壤水分传感器分别埋设在地下2cm、4cm、6cm、10cm、15cm、20cm、30cm、40cm、60cm、80cm、120cm、160cm、200cm、240cm、280cm、320cm处，其中4cm和10cm这两层有三个重复。
观测项目有：风速（WS_1m、WS_2m、WS_5m、WS_10m、WS_15m、WS_25m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_10m）(单位：度)、空气温湿度（Ta_1m、Ta_2m、Ta_5m、Ta_10m、Ta_15m、Ta_25m和RH_1m、RH_2m、RH_5m、RH_10m、RH_15m、RH_25m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、光合有效辐射（PAR）(单位：微摩尔/平方米秒)、平均土壤温度（TCAV）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm_1、Ms_4cm_2、Ms_4cm_3、Ms_6cm、Ms_10cm_1、Ms_10cm_2、Ms_10cm_3、Ms_15cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_30cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_60cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm Ms_200cm、Ms_240cm、Ms_280cm、Ms_320cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比)、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm_1、Ts_4cm_2、Ts_4cm_3、Ts_6cm、Ts_10cm_1、Ts_10cm_2、Ts_10cm_3、Ts_15cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_30cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_60cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm Ts_200cm、Ts_240cm、Ts_280cm、Ts_320cm）(单位：摄氏度)。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；土壤温湿度、土壤热通量在2015.9.9-9.19和9.30-10.20之间由于供电问题，数据缺失；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2015-6-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。
水文气象网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al. (2011)。

This dataset contains meteorological element gradient observation system data from the A'rou Super Station in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Hydrometeorological Observation Network, covering the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015.
The station is located in Caodaban Village, A'rou Township, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, with an underlying surface of alpine grassland. The coordinates of the observation site are 100.4643°E, 38.0473°N, and the elevation is 3033 m.
Air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed sensors are mounted at 1m, 2m, 5m, 10m, 15m and 25m heights (six layers in total), facing due north. The wind direction sensor is mounted at 10m height, facing due north. The barometer is installed at 2m height. The tipping bucket rain gauge is installed on the 40m observation tower of the A'rou Super Station. The four-component radiometer is installed at 5m height, facing due south. Two infrared thermometers are installed at 5m height, facing due south with probes pointing vertically downward. The photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensor is installed at 5m height, facing due south with probes pointing vertically upward. Soil sensors are buried 2m south of the tower body: three self-calibrated soil heat flux plates are all buried 6cm underground; the average soil temperature sensor TCAV is buried at 2cm and 4cm underground; soil temperature probes are buried at 0cm (surface) and 2cm, 4cm, 6cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm, 120cm, 160cm, 200cm, 240cm, 280cm and 320cm underground, with three replicates at both 4cm and 10cm depths; soil moisture sensors are buried at the same depths as the soil temperature probes, also with three replicates at 4cm and 10cm depths.
The observation items include: wind speed (WS_1m, WS_2m, WS_5m, WS_10m, WS_15m, WS_25m) (unit: meters per second, m/s), wind direction (WD_10m) (unit: degrees, °), air temperature and relative humidity (Ta_1m, Ta_2m, Ta_5m, Ta_10m, Ta_15m, Ta_25m and RH_1m, RH_2m, RH_5m, RH_10m, RH_15m, RH_25m) (units: degrees Celsius (℃), percent (%)), barometric pressure (Press) (unit: hectopascals, hPa), precipitation (Rain) (unit: millimeters, mm), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watts per square meter, W/m²), surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: ℃), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (unit: micromoles per square meter per second, μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹), average soil temperature (TCAV) (unit: ℃), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: W/m²), soil moisture (Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm_1, Ms_4cm_2, Ms_4cm_3, Ms_6cm, Ms_10cm_1, Ms_10cm_2, Ms_10cm_3, Ms_15cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_30cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_60cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm, Ms_200cm, Ms_240cm, Ms_280cm, Ms_320cm) (unit: volumetric water content, %), soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm_1, Ts_4cm_2, Ts_4cm_3, Ts_6cm, Ts_10cm_1, Ts_10cm_2, Ts_10cm_3, Ts_15cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_30cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_60cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm, Ts_200cm, Ts_240cm, Ts_280cm, Ts_320cm) (unit: ℃).
Data processing and quality control: (1) Ensure 144 data points per day (collected every 10 minutes); missing data is marked with -6999. Soil temperature, soil moisture and soil heat flux data were missing between September 9 and September 19, 2015, and between September 30 and October 20, 2015 due to power supply issues; (2) Remove duplicate records at the same timestamp; (3) Delete data that obviously exceeds physical limits or instrument measurement ranges; (4) Data marked in red indicate questionable values; (5) Date and time formats are unified, with date and time stored in the same column. For example, the time format is: 2015-06-10 10:30; (6) The naming convention is: AWS + station name.
For information on the hydrometeorological observation network and the station, please refer to Liu et al. (2018); for data processing procedures, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).