Data from: Ultraconserved element phylogenomics and biogeography of the agriculturally important mason bee subgenus Osmia (Osmia)

One of the most important non‐Apis groups of bees for agriculture is the
mason bee subgenus Osmia Panzer (Osmia), or Osmia s.s. (Hymenoptera:
Megachilidae). Out of the 29 known species, four have been developed as
managed pollinators of orchards. In addition, the group is important as a
source of non‐native pollinators, given that several species have been
introduced into new areas. Osmia s.s. occurs naturally throughout the
northern temperate zone with greatest species richness in Europe and Asia.
Here, we integrate phylogenomic data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs),
near complete taxon sampling, and a diversity of analytical approaches to
infer the phylogeny, divergence times, and biogeographic history of Osmia
s.s. We also demonstrate how mitochondrial sequence data can be extracted
from ultraconserved element data and combined with sequences from public
repositories in order to test the phylogeny, examine species boundaries
and identify specimen‐associated, non‐bee DNA. We resolve the phylogeny of
Osmia s.s. and show strong support that Nearctic Osmia ribifloris is the
sister group to the rest of the subgenus. Biogeographic analyses indicate
that the group originated during the Late Miocene in the West Nearctic
plus East Palearctic region following dispersal from the East Palearctic
to the West Nearctic across the Bering land bridge prior to its closure
5.5–4.8 Ma. The mitochondrial DNA results reveal potential taxonomic
synonymies involving Osmia yanbianensis and Osmia opima, and Osmia rufina,
Osmia rufinoides, and Osmia taurus.

农业生产中最重要的非蜜蜂属（Apis）蜂类类群之一，为壁蜂亚属Osmia Panzer（Osmia），即狭义壁蜂亚属（Osmia s.s.），隶属于膜翅目（Hymenoptera）切叶蜂科（Megachilidae）。在已记载的29个物种中，已有4个被开发为果园的人工饲养授粉蜂种。此外，由于多个物种被引入至原生分布范围之外的区域，该类群也成为外来授粉蜂的重要来源。狭义壁蜂亚属自然分布于整个北温带区域，物种丰富度以欧洲和亚洲为最高。本研究整合来自超保守元件（ultraconserved elements, UCEs）的系统基因组学数据、近乎全覆盖的类群取样方案，以及多种分析方法，以解析狭义壁蜂亚属的系统发育关系、分化时间与生物地理演化历史。本研究同时展示了如何从超保守元件数据中提取线粒体序列数据，并结合公共数据库中的序列，以验证系统发育关系、探究物种界定问题，并识别标本附带的非蜂类DNA序列。本研究解析了狭义壁蜂亚属的系统发育关系，结果强烈支持新北区的Osmia ribifloris为该亚属其余类群的姊妹群。生物地理分析显示，该亚属起源于晚中新世时期的新北区西部与东古北区区域，其祖先类群通过白令陆桥从东古北区扩散至新北区西部，而该陆桥在5.5~4.8百万年前（Ma）便已闭合。线粒体DNA分析结果显示，存在潜在的分类学同物异名问题，涉及Osmia yanbianensis与Osmia opima，以及Osmia rufina、Osmia rufinoides与Osmia taurus。