LANGUAGE AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE IN THE OSWALDO CRUZ INSTITUTE 1900-1930

Abstract The medical literature consumed and produced by the Oswaldo Cruz Institute and the circulation of its personnel in foreign institutions from its beginnings in 1900 through the Vargas coup d’état in Brazil in 1930 testify to the complex, multilingual and international nature of scientific networking in and beyond the belle époque and challenge notions of behavior associated with colonial economic models. To explore the parameters of the Institute’s early organizational culture with respect to language, three of its publications from this period will be examined: a 1911 promotional booklet in German, which details the Institute’s journal holdings and the publications of its researchers; a 1929 English-language travelogue of leprosy treatment centers worldwide; and the journal Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (1909-), which published articles in five languages during this period. The results indicate that the Institute’s flexible, avidly multilingual language policy, partially the result of Brazil’s peripheral, neutral political situation, led to a very strong multilateral position in the scientific community that provided both visibility and recognition as a full peer in the then-internationally emerging field of Tropical Medicine.

摘要 1900年创立至1930年巴西瓦尔加斯政变期间，奥斯瓦尔多·克鲁兹研究所（Oswaldo Cruz Institute）所收录与产出的医学文献，以及该所人员在海外机构的流动情况，印证了美好年代及前后科学合作网络的复杂性、多语言性与国际性，同时也对与殖民经济模式相关的行为认知范式提出了挑战。为探究该研究所早期组织文化在语言维度的特征参数，本文将考察此时期的三份出版物：其一为1911年的德语宣传手册，详述了该所的期刊馆藏与研究人员的发表成果；其二为1929年的英文全球麻风病诊疗中心考察游记；其三为《奥斯瓦尔多·克鲁兹研究所纪要》（Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz，1909-），该刊此时期以五种语言刊载学术论文。研究结果显示，该研究所灵活且积极推行的多语言政策（部分源于巴西作为边缘国家的中立政治处境），使其在科学界占据了极具影响力的多边地位，既获得了广泛的学术能见度，也在当时国际新兴的热带医学（Tropical Medicine）领域获得了同行的全面认可，成为该领域的正式对等伙伴。