Impactos Socioeconômicos de Reduções nas Perdas Pós-colheita de Produtos Agrícolas no Brasil

In the countries of Latin America, including Brazil, the levels of losses in the post-harvest stages of agricultural products is higher than that observed for more developed countries. The present study estimated the impacts of reduction in post-harvest losses of agricultural products to levels observed in countries of high income. We calculated this reduction and, using the input-output matrix of Brazil, estimated the impacts that this drop in losses could have on the Brazilian economy. These impacts are due to the increase in the following services: processing, transportation and trade, which would be included in those products recovered. The reduction in post-harvest losses would imply an increase of R$ 9.8 billion in the value of agricultural production (in 2012 values). In addition, it can be seen that the direct, indirect and income effects of an increase in demand for services (processing, transport and trade) caused by the increase of supply, can raise the value of output of the economy in R$ 18 billion, the country’s GDP in R$ 9.7 billion and generate more than 300,000 jobs. These results illustrate that, in view of the great importance of agricultural products for the Brazilian economy, the reduction in losses after harvest can generate substantial economic benefits for the country.

包括巴西在内的拉丁美洲各国，农产品收获后阶段的损失水平高于较发达国家。本研究以高收入国家的农产品收获后损失水平为基准，测算将农产品收获后损失率降至该水平所能产生的经济影响。本研究先核算了该损失降幅，并借助巴西投入产出表（input-output matrix），评估该损失缩减对巴西经济的潜在影响。此类影响源于回收农产品所需的加工、运输及贸易三类服务的规模扩张。以2012年币值计算，农产品收获后损失的缩减可使农业产值增加98亿巴西雷亚尔。此外，供给增加带动加工、运输及贸易服务需求提升，由此产生的直接效应、间接效应与收入效应，可推动巴西经济总产出增加180亿巴西雷亚尔，国内生产总值增加97亿巴西雷亚尔，并创造超过30万个就业岗位。上述结果表明，鉴于农产品对巴西经济的重要支撑作用，降低收获后损失可为该国带来可观的经济收益。