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Mutton industry plays an important role in Xinjiang animal husbandry in China, and Duolang Sheep is a widely distributed mutton sheep breed in Xinjiang with many advantageous traits including tolerance to rough feed and high meat quality. Rumen microbiota has been associated with various production phenotypes in livestock industry, but little is known about the composition of ruminal microbiota of Duolang Sheep. This study aims to compare characteristics of rumen bacterial community of Duolang Sheep and Hu Sheep using 16s RNA sequencing technique. Ruminal fluid samples were obtained via rumen cannula from 12 healthy Duolang Sheep and 12 healthy Hu Sheep under the same feeding and management protocol. The results showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes (P