Asthma prevalence among women aged 18 to 44 in the United States: National health and nutrition examination survey 2001–2016

<b>Objective:</b> To provide updated prevalence estimates of asthma and asthma medication use for women of childbearing age in the United States. <b>Methods:</b> Using data from 11,383 women aged 18–44, including a subset of 1,245 pregnant women, enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001–2016), we assessed the age-adjusted prevalence of self-reported diagnosed asthma. For women aged 18–44, we stratified by year, demographics, and other characteristics. Furthermore, we assessed asthma medication use among women aged 18–44 with asthma. <b>Results:</b> After age-adjustment, 9.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.2%, 10.7%) of women aged 18–44 and 10.9% (95% CI 7.2%, 14.6%) of pregnant women reported having asthma. Asthma prevalence was highest in 2015–2016 (12.0% 95% CI 9.8%, 14.3%) and lowest in 2003–2004 (8.6% 95% CI 6.4%, 10.8%). Women aged 18–44 with Medicaid or State Children’s Health Insurance Program insurance coverage (16.8% 95% CI 14.5%, 19.2%), obesity (14.4% 95% CI 12.9%, 15.8%), diabetes (18.7% 95% CI 12.1%, 25.2%), hypertension (16.6% 95% CI 14.2%, 19.0%), and current smokers (12.8% 95% CI 11.4%, 14.2%) had the highest asthma prevalence. Of women with asthma, 38.3% (95% CI 34.5%, 42.1%) reported using asthma medications in the past 30 days. <b>Conclusions:</b> Among women of childbearing ages, asthma burden varies across demographic and clinical characteristics and has increased in recent years.

**研究目标：** 为美国育龄女性提供哮喘及哮喘用药情况的最新患病率估算数据。
**研究方法：** 本研究纳入2001-2016年美国国家健康与营养调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey）中11383名18~44岁女性的数据，其中包含1245名孕妇亚组，以此评估经年龄标化的自我报告确诊哮喘患病率。针对18~44岁女性，我们按年份、人口统计学特征及其他相关因素进行分层分析。此外，本研究还评估了18~44岁哮喘女性的哮喘用药情况。
**研究结果：** 经年龄标化后，18~44岁女性中9.9%（95%置信区间（confidence interval, CI）：9.2%~10.7%）自我报告确诊哮喘，孕妇群体中该比例为10.9%（95% CI：7.2%~14.6%）。哮喘患病率在2015~2016年达到峰值（12.0%，95% CI：9.8%~14.3%），2003~2004年为最低值（8.6%，95% CI：6.4%~10.8%）。18~44岁女性中，享有医疗补助计划（Medicaid）或州儿童健康保险计划（State Children’s Health Insurance Program）保险覆盖者哮喘患病率最高（16.8%，95% CI：14.5%~19.2%），其次为肥胖人群（14.4%，95% CI：12.9%~15.8%）、糖尿病患者（18.7%，95% CI：12.1%~25.2%）、高血压患者（16.6%，95% CI：14.2%~19.0%）以及当前吸烟者（12.8%，95% CI：11.4%~14.2%）。在哮喘女性群体中，38.3%（95% CI：34.5%~42.1%）报告过去30天内使用过哮喘药物。
**研究结论：** 育龄女性群体的哮喘疾病负担随人口统计学及临床特征存在显著差异，且近年呈上升趋势。