The Complexity of Immigrant Generations: Implications for Assessing the Socioeconomic Integration of Hispanics and Asians

Because of data limitations, virtually all studies of the later-generation descendants of immigrants rely on subjective measures of ethnic self-identification rather than arguably more objective measures based on the countries of birth of the respondent and his ancestors. In this context, biases can受限于数据可得性，几乎所有针对移民晚代后裔的研究均采用族群自我认同（ethnic self-identification）这一主观测量指标，而非采用基于调查受访者及其祖先出生国家、可被视为更具客观性的测量方式。在此研究情境下，偏倚（bias）可能