Risk and protection of students during the final years of elementary school

Abstract The study compared students with low, medium and high school performance in relation to risk factors: school disapproval and intra and extrafamiliar violence and protection: social skills, self efficacy and social support. A total of 400 students (M = 13.6 years, SD = 1.22) participated in the last three years of elementary school education in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Students answered the Demographic Information Questionnaire, Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents, Social Support Perception Scale, and Self-efficacy Scale. The results indicated that students with low school performance had more risk factors and less protection factors when compared to students with medium and high school performance. No differences were found in the social skills of Assertiveness, Affective Approach and Social Development between groups. The study discusses influences of personal variables and context of students for school performance at the end of Elementary School.

摘要 本研究针对低、中、高不同学业表现层级的学生，对比分析其风险因素与保护因素：风险因素包括学校否定、家庭内外暴力；保护因素涵盖社交技能、自我效能感（Self-efficacy）与社会支持（Social Support）。共计400名学生参与本研究，年龄均值（M）为13.6岁，标准差（SD）为1.22，均就读于里约热内卢州小学教育最后三年学段。参与者完成了人口学问卷、青少年社交技能量表、社会支持感知量表以及自我效能量表。研究结果表明，相较于中、高学业表现的学生，低学业表现学生拥有更多风险因素与更少的保护因素。三组学生在决断力、情感趋近与社会发展这三项社交技能维度上未发现显著组间差异。本研究探讨了个人变量与学生所处环境对小学教育末期学业表现的影响。