Adaptability, stability, and genetic divergence of conilon coffee in Alto Suaçuí, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe the genetic parameters, adaptability, and stability of clones from the Coffea canephora variety ‘Vitória Incaper 8142’, and the genetic divergence between them. Following 12 and 24 months of plant growth, several traits were evaluated, including stem diameter, plant height, canopy diameter, number of plagiotropic branches, and number of nodes per plagiotropic branch. The agronomic performance of four crops was determined using measurements of productivity, yield, percentage of floating grains, and grade of the beans. Variability was observed between the clones for the majority of the traits measured. The clones V7, V10, V12, and V13 were the most stable and displayed the highest degree of adaptation for the studied traits, and thus these clones will be used to establish a base population suited to the growing conditions in Alto Suaçuí, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Additionally, the genetic dissimilarity identified between clones allowed suitable clone combinations to be proposed for use in future crosses.

摘要 本研究旨在解析刚果咖啡（Coffea canephora）品种‘Vitória Incaper 8142’无性系的遗传参数、适应性与稳定性，以及各无性系间的遗传分化。在植株生长至12个月和24个月时，对茎粗、株高、冠幅、斜生枝数量及每个斜生枝的节数等多项性状开展了测定。通过对生产能力、单产、空瘪粒百分率及咖啡豆等级的测定，评估了四茬作物的农艺表现。结果表明，绝大多数被测性状在各无性系间均存在变异。其中，无性系V7、V10、V12和V13稳定性最佳，且对所研究性状的适应性最强，因此将以这些无性系构建适配巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州阿尔托苏阿苏伊地区种植条件的基础群体。此外，基于各无性系间鉴定出的遗传差异，可为未来杂交育种提出适宜的无性系组合方案。