Use of essential oils and aromatherapy during labor. UFRGS.

Introduction: aromatherapy consists in the use of essential oils in the prevention or treatment of various human pathologies. During labor, it can be applied to relief pain and anxiety. The objective of this research was to identify scientific literature about the use of aromatherapy and essential oils in the management of labor; as well as to elaborate a hospital protocol, from the findings in the publications, about aromatherapy and the application of essential oils during labor. Materials and methods: this is an integrative literature review developed in the LILACS, Cochrane Library and Pubmed databases. Original scientific articles published in the 2000-2019 period were included. The material collected was analyzed based on Laurence Bardin's content thematic analysis. Results: thirteen articles comprised the corpus of this research. Four analysis categories emerged from them, namely: 1- Aromatherapy as a strategy for pain relief in the dilation phase of labor; 2- Aromatherapy as a strategy to reduce anxiety during labor; 3- Methods to apply the essential oils during labor; and 4- Use of essential oils for the management of unpleasant symptoms and progression of labor. Discussion: a hospital protocol about the use of aromatherapy during labor was elaborated from the results. Conclusion: aromatherapy is an adequate tool for humanized care in the management of pain and anxiety during labor, with no documented adverse effects in the literature surveyed. Keywords: Essential Oils; Aromatherapy; Labor, Obstetric.

引言：芳香疗法（Aromatherapy）指通过使用精油（Essential Oils）预防或治疗各类人类病症。在分娩过程中，该疗法可用于缓解疼痛与焦虑。本研究旨在检索有关分娩期应用芳香疗法与精油管理产程的科学文献，并基于文献研究结果制定分娩期芳香疗法及精油应用的医院临床规程。
材料与方法：本研究为整合性文献综述，检索数据库涵盖LILACS、Cochrane图书馆（Cochrane Library）及PubMed数据库，纳入2000年至2019年发表的原创性学术研究论文。采用劳伦斯·巴丁（Laurence Bardin）提出的主题内容分析法对所收集的文献资料进行分析。
结果：本研究最终纳入13篇文献作为分析样本，经分析共提炼出4大类研究主题：1. 芳香疗法用于分娩扩张期的疼痛缓解策略；2. 芳香疗法用于减轻分娩期焦虑的干预策略；3. 分娩期精油的临床施用方法；4. 精油用于改善分娩期不适症状及推进产程的应用。
讨论：基于本研究结果，制定了分娩期芳香疗法应用的医院临床规程。
结论：芳香疗法是分娩期疼痛与焦虑管理中实现人性化照护的有效手段，在所检索的相关文献中未记载任何不良反应。
关键词：精油（Essential Oils）；芳香疗法（Aromatherapy）；分娩；产科