British Social Attitudes Survey, 1994

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P><p><strong>Background</strong><br>The&nbsp;British Social Attitudes (BSA) survey series began in 1983. The series is designed to produce annual measures of attitudinal movements to complement large-scale government surveys that deal largely with facts and behaviour patterns, and&nbsp;the data on party political attitudes produced by opinion polls. One of the BSA's main purposes is to allow the monitoring of patterns of continuity and change, and the examination of the relative rates at which attitudes, in respect of a range of social issues, change over time. Some questions are asked regularly, others less often. Funding for BSA comes from a number of sources (including government departments, the Economic and Social Research Council and other research foundations), but the final responsibility for the coverage and wording of the annual questionnaires rests with NatCen Social Research (formerly Social and Community Planning Research). The BSA has been conducted every year since 1983, except in 1988 and 1992 when core funding was devoted to the British Election Study (BES).<br><br>Further information about the series and links to publications may be found on the NatCen Social Research <a title="British Social Attitudes" href="https://natcen.ac.uk/flagship-surveys">British Social Attitudes</a> webpage.</p><br><B>Main Topics</B>:<BR>Each year, the BSA interview questionnaire contains a number of 'core' questions, which are repeated in most years. In addition, a wide range of background and classificatory questions is included. The remainder of the questionnaire is devoted to a series of questions (modules) on a range of social, economic, political and moral issues - some are asked regularly, others less often. Cross-indexes of those questions asked more than once appear in the reports.<br>In the 1994 survey, as well as the standard demographic and classificatory items, the following topics were covered: government spending and the National Health Service; labour market participation, the workplace, childcare arrangements and preferences, gender segregation at work, work orientations; civil libertarian issues; fear of crime; race and immigration; courts, sentencing and prisons; education; Northern Ireland; charitable giving; local government; political trust; countryside, transport and the environment; European Community and international relations; economic issues and policies (including income and taxation); gender issues, women at home and at work; welfare issues, single parents and poverty.<br>
Standard Measures<br>
The questionnaires contain three scales developed by researchers involved in the &lt;i&gt;British Social Attitudes&lt;/i&gt; survey series and the &lt;i&gt;British Election Study (BES)&lt;/i&gt; series. These are: `libertarian/authoritarian'; `left/right'; and `welfarist'. For details see: Heath, A. et al (1990) &lt;i&gt;The measurement of core beliefs and values&lt;/i&gt; JUSST Working Paper No. 2, SCPR: London, and the Technical Report on the 1994 BSA survey.

<P>本摘要的版权归英国数据服务机构（UK Data Service）与本次数据采集的版权所有者共同所有。</P><p><strong>研究背景</strong><br>英国社会态度调查（British Social Attitudes, BSA）系列始于1983年。该系列旨在构建年度态度变迁测度指标，以补充主要聚焦事实与行为模式的大型官方调查，以及民意调查所产出的政党态度数据。英国社会态度调查的核心目标之一，是实现对态度延续与变迁模式的监测，并考察一系列社会议题上的态度随时间推移的相对变化速率。部分调查问题会被反复使用，另有部分问题则较少被采用。该调查的资助来源涵盖多个渠道（包括政府部门、经济和社会研究理事会及其他研究基金会），但年度问卷的覆盖范围与措辞的最终决策权归属英国国家中心社会研究（NatCen Social Research，前身为社会与社区规划研究）。自1983年以来，该调查每年开展一次，仅1988年与1992年除外——这两年的核心经费被划拨至英国选举研究（British Election Study, BES）项目。<br><br>如需了解该调查系列的更多信息及相关出版物链接，可访问英国国家中心社会研究官网的英国社会态度调查页面：<a title="British Social Attitudes" href="https://natcen.ac.uk/flagship-surveys">British Social Attitudes</a>。</p><br><strong>主要研究主题</strong>:<br>每年的英国社会态度调查问卷均包含若干“核心”问题，这些问题在多数年度调查中会被重复使用。此外，问卷还涵盖了大量背景与分类问题。问卷剩余部分则围绕一系列社会、经济、政治与道德议题设置了若干问题模块，部分模块会被定期采用，另有部分模块使用频率较低。在调查报告中，会提供被多次使用的问题的交叉索引表。<br>在1994年的调查中，除标准人口统计与分类条目外，本次调查还涵盖了以下议题：政府支出与国民医疗服务体系；劳动力市场参与、职场状况、育儿安排与偏好、职场性别隔离、工作取向；公民自由议题；犯罪恐惧；种族与移民问题；司法审判、量刑与监狱制度；教育；北爱尔兰；慈善捐赠；地方政府；政治信任；乡村、交通与环境；欧洲共同体与国际关系；经济议题与政策（包括收入与税收）；性别议题、女性的家庭与职场角色；福利议题、单亲家庭与贫困问题。<br><br><strong>标准测度工具</strong><br>调查问卷包含由参与英国社会态度调查系列与英国选举研究（British Election Study, BES）系列的研究者开发的三个量表，分别为：「自由意志主义/威权主义」量表、「左翼/右翼」量表以及「福利主义」量表。详细信息可参考：希思（Heath, A.）等人（1990）所著的《核心信念与价值观的测度》，JUSST工作论文第2号，伦敦SCPR出版社，以及1994年英国社会态度调查技术报告。