Exploring the integration and patient engagement of balance home exercises in the daily management of multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive qualitative analysis

This study investigated the perceptions and experiences of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) regarding a home-based balance exercises program, focusing on its practicality and perceived effects for daily management and the factors influencing its implementation. Employing a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 patients with MS in Switzerland (13 women, 5 men; mean age 53 ± 11 years). The study used purposive sampling to ensure diverse representations. The exercise program included 19 tailored exercises, adapted by physiotherapists for each participant. Data analysis involved inductive thematic analysis to understand the practical implementation, challenges, and perceived benefits. Key themes emerged, such as adaptability of exercises, implementation variability, approaches to integration, facilitators, obstacles, and perceived effects. Adaptability to fluctuating symptoms, individual lifestyle impacts, and variability in exercise practices were notable. Facilitators included personalized support from physiotherapists, while obstacles ranged from fatigue to complex exercise variants. Perceived effects varied, with some patients reporting physical and psychological benefits. The study highlights diverse patient experiences with the balance exercises program. Key challenges included physical exertion and adapting to MS symptoms. Physiotherapists played a pivotal role in personalization and guidance. Despite challenges, patients demonstrated adaptability and proactive integration of exercises into their MS management.