A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DISCOURSE ANALYSIS MODELS: STRUCTURAL, FUNCTIONAL, AND CRITICAL APPROACHES

This article presents a comparative study of three major discourse analysis models: structural, functional, and critical approaches. The research aims to identify their key features, similarities, and differences in analyzing language beyond the sentence level. Using a qualitative methodology, the study examines various types of discourse, including academic, classroom, and media texts. The findings indicate that the structural approach focuses on textual cohesion and formal organization, the functional approach emphasizes communicative purposes and context, while the critical approach explores power relations and ideological meanings embedded in discourse. The study concludes that these approaches are complementary and should be integrated for a more comprehensive understanding of discourse in modern linguistics.