Special issue “Solar–terrestrial environment prediction: toward the synergy of science and forecasting operation of space weather and space climate” Earth, Planets and Space

The space environmental variability (widely called “space weather”) can influence the electromagnetic environment around the earth and human life. In particular, a severe space weather event caused by a large solar eruption is a potential risk to social infrastructures such as artificial satellites, aviation, electric power, communications, and positioning systems. Furthermore, it has been pointed out that long-term variation in the solar cycle may affect the global environment. Therefore, predicting the solar–terrestrial environment is important not only as scientific research, but also for sustaining a safe and secure modern society. However, the mechanism of solar–terrestrial environmental dynamics and its influence on the socio-economic system is not yet fully understood.