Selectivity of herbicides isolated and/or with the addition of adjuvants for Physalis angulata crop

ABSTRACT Physalis angulata is a Solanaceae that produces fruits with a high commercial value. The interference of weeds in the cultivation of this species is one of the main factors limiting its growth. There are no herbicides registered for this crop in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides and the use of adjuvants for the cultivation of P. angulata. We conducted three experiments: two in pots, evaluating the selectivity of the herbicides fluazifop-p-butyl, metribuzin, fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl, trifluralin and clethodim; and one in field conditions using the most selective herbicides from previous experiments. In the pots, we performed assessments of phytotoxicity, height, stem diameter, and total chlorophyll content every seven days up to 42 days after application. At the end of the three experiments, we evaluated leaf area, number of fruits, and dry matter of leaves, stems, and fruits. The herbicides clethodim without adjuvant and fluazifop-p-butyl are selective for P. angulata crop. Under field conditions, the application of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen did not negatively affect crop production and growth, being selective to P. angulata. Metribuzin do not have the potential to be used for this crop.

摘要 苦蘵（*Physalis angulata*）是茄科（Solanaceae）植物，其果实具有较高的商业价值。该作物栽培过程中受到的杂草为害是限制其生长的主要因素之一，且巴西尚无登记用于该作物的除草剂。本研究旨在评估除草剂对苦蘵的选择性，以及助剂在其栽培中的应用效果。本研究共设置3组试验：2组盆栽试验，分别测定精吡氟禾草灵（fluazifop-p-butyl）、嗪草酮（metribuzin）、氟磺胺草醚+精吡氟禾草灵（fomesafen + fluazifop-p-butyl）、氟乐灵（trifluralin）及烯草酮（clethodim）的选择性；1组田间试验，采用前期盆栽试验中筛选出的选择性最优除草剂。盆栽试验于施药后42天内，每7天测定1次药害程度、株高、茎粗及总叶绿素含量；3组试验结束后，测定叶面积、果实数量及叶片、茎秆、果实的干物质重量。结果表明，不含助剂的烯草酮与精吡氟禾草灵对苦蘵栽培具有选择性；田间条件下，施用精吡氟禾草灵+氟磺胺草醚未对作物生长与产量造成负面影响，对苦蘵具有选择性；嗪草酮不适用于该作物的除草栽培。