Enterprise Survey 2009 - Côte d'Ivoire

Abstract
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The research was conducted in Côte d'Ivoire from Oct. 26, 2008, to Feb. 20, 2009, as part of the Enterprise Survey, an initiative of the World Bank.

The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample for registered establishments in Côte d'Ivoire was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in the Côte d'Ivoire sample: firm sector, firm size, and geographic region.

Industry stratification was designed as follows: the universe was stratified into three manufacturing industries (food, textiles, and other), one services industry (retail) and one residual sector as defined in the sampling manual. The initial sample design had a target of 240 interviews in manufacturing and 120 interviews each in the services and residual categories, though this sample design was later adjusted to reflect the low prevalence of manufacturing establishments in Ivory Coast.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition used for the Enterprise Surveys: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers.

Regional stratification was defined in terms of the geographic regions with the largest commercial presence in the country: Abidjan, San Pedro, and Yamoussoukro were the three metropolitan areas selected in Côte d'Ivoire. (Bouake was initially included, but was determined to be too unsafe to conduct survey work and Yamoussoukro was substituted before enumeration began).

Given the stratified design, sample frames containing a complete and updated list of establishments as well as information on all stratification variables (number of employees, industry, and region) are required to draw the sample for the Enterprise Surveys. It was determined that such lists were not available for Ivory Coast, and the sample frame for registered firms was created through block enumeration. The block enumeration exercise was conducted in September 2008 in the three regions selected for the stratified sample. First, detailed maps were obtained from aerial mappings projected to a usable scale for Abidjan, San Pedro, Bouake, and Yamoussoukro. The following multi-stage approach was then followed.

Using the maps each city was divided into "blocks" and using local knowledge the blocks were classified into strata defined by the predominant spatial use of each block. The classifications used for the blocks included industrial, commercial, commercial/residential (mixed), and residential. The accuracy of the classification was then tested by site visits to pilot blocks randomly selected from among all blocks for each of the classification types. Twenty pilot blocks in the selected cities and an additional 10 blocks in Bouake (the city that was dropped from the sample due to safety concerns) were enumerated in the pilot. After the classification system was determined to be accurate, another 304 blocks, stratified by classification type, were selected randomly from the list of blocks. Blocks classified as "residential" were undersampled relative to industrial and commercial blocks.

The selected blocks were then enumerated. In the enumeration process for each block, each separate unit-either a whole building or a floor or suite within a building-was identified and its use was classified. For units classified as business establishments, further details were collected on employee numbers, activity, name of business and manager, and contact phone number.

The quality of the frame was assessed at the onset of the project and was not immune from the typical problems found in establishment surveys: positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 9.4% (102 out of 1,080 establishments for the ES and micro samples).

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instruments are available:
- Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- Core Questionnaire + Retail Module [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- Core Questionnaire [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- Screener Questionnaire.

The “Core Questionnaire” is the heart of the Enterprise Survey and contains the survey questions asked of all firms across the world. There are also two other survey instruments - the “Core Questionnaire + Manufacturing Module” and the “Core Questionnaire + Retail Module.” The survey is fielded via three instruments in order to not ask questions that are irrelevant to specific types of firms, e.g. a question that relates to production and nonproduction workers should not be asked of a retail firm. In addition to questions that are asked across countries, all surveys are customized and contain country-specific questions. An example of customization would be including tourism-related questions that are asked in certain countries when tourism is an existing or potential sector of economic growth.

The standard Enterprise Survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country’s business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents’ opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate
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Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in "Description of Côte d'Ivoire Implementation 2009" in "Technical Documents" folder.

摘要
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本研究于2008年10月26日至2009年2月20日在科特迪瓦进行，作为世界银行企业调查项目的一部分。
调查的目的是收集企业对私营部门状况的反馈，并协助构建企业数据面板，以便追踪随时间推移的商业环境变化，从而实现对改革影响的评估。通过对制造业和服务业企业的访谈，调查评估了私营部门增长的制约因素，并创建了具有统计显著性的、可跨国家比较的商业环境指标。
标准的企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资可及性、年度销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正式性、商业与政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效衡量。超过90%的问题客观地确定了该国商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对阻碍企业增长和表现的障碍的看法。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单位
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本研究的初级抽样单位为实体。实体是指进行商业活动和工业运营或提供服务的地方。一个公司可能由一个或多个实体组成。例如，一家酿酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销实体。在本调查中，实体必须能够独立做出财务决策，并拥有与其公司财务报表分开的财务报表。实体还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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企业调查涵盖的总体，即总体，是非农业经济。它包括：根据ISIC修订版3.1分组分类（组D）的所有制造业部门、建筑部门（组F）、服务业部门（组G和组H），以及运输、仓储和通信部门（组I）。请注意，此人口定义排除了以下部门：金融中介（组J）、房地产和租赁活动（组K，除子部门72，IT，该子部门被纳入研究总体之外），以及所有公共或公用事业部门。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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科特迪瓦注册实体的样本使用分层随机抽样方法选取。科特迪瓦样本使用了三个分层级别：企业部门、企业规模和地理区域。
行业分层的设计如下：总体被分为三个制造业（食品、纺织和其他）、一个服务业（零售）和一个按抽样手册定义的剩余部门。最初样本设计的目标是在制造业进行240次访谈，在服务和剩余类别中进行每次120次访谈，尽管后来这种样本设计被调整为反映科特迪瓦制造业实体的低普及率。
规模分层是根据企业调查中使用的标准化定义定义的：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（超过99名员工）。为了分层的目的，员工人数是根据报告的固定全职工人数量定义的。
区域分层是根据国家最大的商业存在地区定义的：阿比让、桑佩多和亚穆苏克罗是科特迪瓦选定的三个大都市区。（博凯最初包括在内，但由于安全问题被认为不适合进行调查工作，亚穆苏克罗在编制开始之前被替换）。
鉴于分层设计，需要包含完整且更新后的实体列表以及所有分层变量（员工人数、行业和地区）的样本框架，以抽取企业调查的样本。确定这些列表在科特迪瓦不可用，因此通过分块编制创建了注册企业的样本框架。分块编制于2008年9月在为分层样本选定的三个地区进行。首先，从可用于阿比让、桑佩多、博凯和亚穆苏克罗的空中测绘中获得了详细的地图。然后，遵循以下多阶段方法。
使用地图将每个城市划分为“区块”，并利用当地知识将区块分类为按每个区块主要空间用途定义的层级。用于区块的分类包括工业、商业、商业/住宅（混合）和住宅。然后通过随机选择所有区块中的试点区块并对每种分类类型进行现场访问来测试分类的准确性。在选定的城市中进行了20个试点区块的编制，在博凯（由于安全问题被排除在样本之外的城市）中进行了额外的10个区块的编制。在确定分类系统准确无误后，从区块列表中随机选择了按分类类型分层的另外304个区块。被归类为“住宅”的区块相对于工业和商业区块抽样不足。
然后对选定的区块进行了编制。在编制过程中，对每个区块的每个单独单位——无论是整个建筑、建筑的一层或一套——进行了识别，并对其用途进行了分类。对于被归类为商业实体的单位，还收集了有关员工人数、活动、企业名称和管理人员以及联系电话的详细信息。
在项目开始时评估了框架的质量，并且并未免受实体调查中发现的典型问题的影响：非合格单位的确认率、重复、不存在单位等。鉴于样本总体中包含的非合格单位可能对结果产生的影响，在计算单个观察值的适当权重时可能需要进行调整。确认的非合格单位占接触调查的样本企业总数的比例为9.4%（ES和微型样本中的102个实体中的1,080个实体）。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前调查工具如下：
- 核心问卷 + 制造业模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 15-37]
- 核心问卷 + 零售模块 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 52]
- 核心问卷 [ISIC Rev.3.1: 45, 50, 51, 55, 60-64, 72]
- 屏蔽问卷。
“核心问卷”是企业调查的核心，包含向全世界所有企业提出的问题。还有两种其他调查工具——“核心问卷 + 制造业模块”和“核心问卷 + 零售模块”。调查通过三种工具进行，以避免向特定类型的企业提出不相关的问题，例如，与生产和非生产工人相关的问题不应向零售企业提出。除了在各国提出的问题外，所有调查都进行了定制，并包含针对特定国家的问题。定制的例子包括在某些国家询问与旅游业相关的问题，因为旅游业是现有或潜在的经济增长部门。
标准的企业调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资可及性、年度销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正式性、商业与政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效衡量。超过90%的问题客观地确定了该国商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对阻碍企业增长和表现的障碍的看法。
数据清理操作
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数据输入和质量控制由承包商执行，数据以批量形式（通常是10%、50%和100%）提交给世界银行。这些数据交付将进行检查，以确保逻辑一致性、超出范围的值、跳过模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记并由实施承包商通过数据检查、回访和重返企业进行纠正。
响应率
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有关抽样方法、样本框架、权重、响应率和实施的完整信息，可在“技术文件”文件夹中的“科特迪瓦实施描述2009”中找到。