Rome (ITALY) - Urban Agriculture spatial dataset (years 2007 and 2013)

Motivation The data in this dataset is a spatial inventory of urban agriculture (UA) carried out in the city of Rome (Italy) (Grande Raccordo Anulare (GRA)). UA areas where identified with a multi-step and iterative procedure by using different web-mapping tools, especially multitemporal Google Earth images, and ancillary data such as Google Street View and Bing Maps. License Creative Commons CC-BY Disclaimer Despite our best efforts to validate the data, some information may be incorrect. Description of the dataset Typologies of UA Residential garden: Private parcel near single houses (e.g. backyard), villas, buildings, industrial and commercial activities, generally managed by property owners. Cultivation is diversified ranging from leafy vegetables to herbs and fruit trees. Production is intended for self-consumption and/or for hobby purposes. Community garden: A large area subdivided into multipleplots managed individually (i.e. allotment) or collectively by a group of people. Crop production is intended for self-consumption. Land is assigned by the Municipality; several cases of land cultivated without authorization are also common. Urban farm: Parcel managed by professional farmers with an intensive and an advanced cropping system. The cultivation can be specialized or oriented to high diversity vegetables. The production is intended for market. The mapping procedure focus exclusively on horticulture, vineyard, olive groves and orchard. Institutional garden: Parcel managed by institutions or organizations like schools, religious center, prisons and non-profit organizations. The production is generally intended for self-consumption and less frequently for trade. Several gardens in this category are intended for social purposes (e.g. recreation,education, etc.). Illegal garden: Parcel isolated, cultivated without authorization organized and managed individually or by a few people. Localization occurs on unused or abandoned areas owned by public bodies or private subjects. The production is intended for self-consumption. Land use typologies Horticulture: annual crops generally seed sown in spring or summer (tomatoes, lettuce, zucchini, cucumbers, peppers). Vineyard: grape vines grown in order to produce wine or table grape. Olive groves: olive trees grown in order to produce olive oil or table olives. Orchards: mixed trees such as orange, stone fruit, pome fruit, olive trees. Mixed crops: an area grown with a mix of horticulture crops and fruit trees, not divisible. Credit Pulighe G., Lupia F. (2016) Mapping spatial patterns of urban agriculture in Rome (Italy) using Google Earth and web-mapping services. Land Use Policy 59(2016) 49-58. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837716300059

### 研究背景
本数据集收录了意大利罗马市（环绕罗马大外环高速公路（Grande Raccordo Anulare, GRA））范围内的城市农业（Urban Agriculture, UA）空间普查数据。城市农业地块通过多步骤迭代流程完成识别：采用多种网络地图工具，重点使用多时态谷歌地球影像，并辅以谷歌街景（Google Street View）、必应地图（Bing Maps）等辅助数据。

### 许可协议
采用知识共享署名("Creative Commons CC-BY")许可协议。

### 免责声明
尽管本研究团队已尽全力对数据进行校验，但仍可能存在部分信息不准确之处。

### 数据集说明
本数据集涵盖的城市农业可分为以下类型：
1. 住宅菜园（Residential garden）：指独栋住宅周边（如后院）、别墅、建筑及工商业用地内的私人地块，通常由地块所有者自行管理。种植品类多样，涵盖叶菜、药草与果树等，产出仅用于个人消费或休闲爱好。
2. 社区菜园（Community garden）：划分为多个独立地块的大型公共种植区域，可由个人（即配给地块）或集体共同管理。种植产出仅用于个人消费，地块通常由市政部门统一分配；但也存在大量未经授权擅自种植的情况。
3. 都市农场（Urban farm）：由专业农户管理的集约型、精细化种植地块。种植模式可专业化，或以高多样性蔬菜种植为主，产出面向市场销售。本次制图流程仅覆盖园艺种植、葡萄园、橄榄园与果园四类用地。
4. 机构菜园（Institutional garden）：由学校、宗教场所、监狱及非营利组织等机构或团体管理的种植地块。产出通常用于自用，少数用于对外售卖；该类菜园中有不少兼具社会服务功能，如提供休闲娱乐、科普教育等用途。
5. 违规菜园（Illegal garden）：未经授权擅自开辟的孤立种植地块，由个人或少数群体组织管理，多设于公共机构或私人主体所有的闲置/废弃地块内，产出仅用于个人消费。

### 土地利用类型
本数据集涵盖的土地利用类型包括：
1. 园艺种植（Horticulture）：春季或夏季播种的一年生作物，如番茄、生菜、西葫芦、黄瓜、辣椒等。
2. 葡萄园（Vineyard）：用于酿制葡萄酒或生产鲜食葡萄的葡萄种植园。
3. 橄榄园（Olive groves）：用于生产橄榄油或鲜食橄榄的橄榄种植园。
4. 果园（Orchards）：种植柑橘类、核果类、仁果类及橄榄树等混合林木的种植区域。
5. 混合种植（Mixed crops）：同时种植园艺作物与果树且无法拆分的地块。

### 数据引用
本数据集源自Pulighe G.、Lupia F.于2016年发表的研究成果：《利用谷歌地球与网络地图服务绘制意大利罗马市城市农业空间格局》（原英文标题："Mapping spatial patterns of urban agriculture in Rome (Italy) using Google Earth and web-mapping services"），刊载于《Land Use Policy》2016年第59卷，第49-58页。原文链接：https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837716300059