Factors associated with overactive bladder syndrome in the elderly community: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective: to identify risk factors related to overactive bladder syndrome. Method: a cross-sectional study was performed with elderly women (>60 years) from the community of Ceilândia, in the Distrito Federal, Brazil, with or without symptoms of OBS, who were evaluated through interviews and questionnaires. The clinical and sociodemographic variables analyzed were: age; body mass index (BMI); parity, schooling, previous abdominal and urogynecologic surgeries, physical activity, smoking, constipation, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus; depression and anxiety. The questionnaires applied were the Overactive Bladder Awareness Tool (OAB-V8), the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Beck Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed descriptively. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the significant associations between the independent variables and the outcome of interest. Risk ratios were calculated for each independent variable with 95% confidence intervals. Result: A total of 372 volunteers were recruited, 292 of whom were eligible. Of these, 172 were allocated to the case group (58.9%) and 120 (41.1%) were control subjects. The two groups were homogeneous between one another. There was a high prevalence of OBS in the study population and significant differences for the variables presence of SAH, abdominal surgery and pelvic surgery, with the case group presenting a higher frequency of these events. In multivariate analysis, it was observed that an active sexual life reduces the chance of having OBS by 70.8%, while urogynecologic surgeries increase this risk 3.098 times. Conclusion: In univariate logistic regression analysis, BMI, SAH, a previous history of abdominal and urogynecologic surgery, number of abortions and the presence of symptoms of depression and anxiety, were found to be factors associated with OBS.

摘要 研究目的：明确与膀胱过度活动症综合征（Overactive Bladder Syndrome，OBS）相关的危险因素。研究方法：采用横断面研究设计，招募巴西联邦特区塞兰迪亚社区的老年女性受试者（年龄＞60岁），无论是否存在膀胱过度活动症综合征症状，均通过访谈与问卷形式完成评估。本次分析的临床与社会人口学变量包括：年龄、体质量指数（Body Mass Index，BMI）、孕产次、受教育程度、既往腹部及泌尿妇科手术史、体力活动水平、吸烟史、便秘情况、系统性动脉高血压（Systemic Arterial Hypertension，SAH）、糖尿病、抑郁与焦虑状态。研究所使用的测评工具包括膀胱过度活动症认知量表（Overactive Bladder Awareness Tool，OAB-V8）、老年抑郁量表以及贝克焦虑量表。数据采用描述性统计方法进行分析，通过二元logistic回归探究自变量与目标结局间的显著关联，并计算各自变量的风险比及95%置信区间。研究结果：本研究共招募372名志愿者，其中292名符合入组标准。符合入组标准的受试者中，172名被纳入病例组（占比58.9%），120名作为对照受试者（占比41.1%），两组基线特征均衡。研究人群中膀胱过度活动症综合征患病率较高；系统性动脉高血压史、腹部手术史及盆腔手术史相关变量存在显著组间差异，病例组中上述事件的发生频率更高。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，规律性生活可使膀胱过度活动症综合征的发病风险降低70.8%，而泌尿妇科手术史则会使该风险升高至3.098倍。研究结论：单因素logistic回归分析结果显示，体质量指数、系统性动脉高血压、既往腹部及泌尿妇科手术史、流产次数以及抑郁与焦虑症状均为与膀胱过度活动症综合征相关的危险因素。