乌海、灵武煤炭基地排土（矸）场立地划分、技术模式调查与效果监测数据

以矿区已治理生态修复工程的排土(矸)场为研究对象，运用主成分分析、层次分析法以及无人机航拍、样方调查等方法，对研究区排土(矸)场进行立地调查和类型划分，并从工程技术措施稳定性、植被适应性和经济性三方面，筛选评价指标、确定指标标准，建立一套适用于西北干旱荒漠区乌海、灵武煤炭矿区排土(矸)场生态修复工程技术模式的评价体系。从 6 种技术模式的植被恢复效果、土壤改良效果、水土保持效果、建植成本 4 个方面确定 13 个监测指标，采用无人机、地面调查、定位监测相结合的监测手段，进行一个植被生长季观测与数据采集。进而利用主成分分析法对 6 种生态修复模式效果进行综合评价，提出适应宁东煤炭基地排矸场的生态修复技术模式。

Taking the soil and gangue dumps of the completed ecological restoration projects in coal mining areas as the research subject, this study adopted methods including principal component analysis (PCA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial photography, quadrat survey and other related research techniques to conduct site investigation and classification for the soil and gangue dumps in the study area. Three aspects including the stability of engineering and technical measures, vegetation adaptability and economic rationality were taken into account to screen evaluation indicators and establish their corresponding standards, so as to build a comprehensive evaluation system applicable to the ecological restoration engineering and technical models of soil and gangue dumps in the Wuhai and Lingwu coal mining areas of the arid desert region in northwest China. Thirteen monitoring indicators were determined from four dimensions: vegetation restoration effect, soil improvement effect, soil and water conservation effect and establishment cost of the six technical models. Combined with UAV aerial survey, ground investigation and fixed-point monitoring, observation and data collection were carried out throughout one complete vegetation growing season. Furthermore, the comprehensive evaluation on the effects of the six ecological restoration models was conducted via PCA, and the targeted ecological restoration technical models suitable for the gangue dumps in the Ningdong Coal Base were finally proposed.