Factors associated to the frailty phenotype components among hospitalized elderly patients

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the factors associated with the frailty phenotype components among hospitalized elderly patients. This is a crosssectional and analytical study with 255 elderly patients admitted to the Medical and Surgical Clinic units at a General Hospital of Uberaba-MG. The following instruments were used: Frailty phenotype according to Fried, Scales (Short Geriatric Depression, Katz and Lawton and Brody) and structured questionnaire with socioeconomic and health data. Descriptive, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed (p <0.05). The frailty phenotype components with the highest percentages were slow gait speed (40.0%) and self-report of exhaustion and/or fatigue (38.8%). The following associated factors were identified: self-report of exhaustion and/or fatigue [depression indicative (OR: 3.12; CI: 1.69-5.75)]; decreased muscle strength [advanced age (OR:2.20; CI: 1.40-3.47); absence of partner (OR: 1.86, CI: 1.023.39); inability to perform basic (OR: 2.38; CI: 1.27-4.44) and instrumental (OR: 2.53; CI: 1.29-4.97) activities of the daily living]; slow gait speed [women (OR:2.13; CI:1.16-3.92), advanced age (OR:2.90; CI:1.82-4.61), inability to perform instrumental activities of the daily living (OR:2.08; CI:1.14-3.77); and low level of physical activity [advanced age (OR: 1.57; CI: 1.01-2.44)]. The frailty phenotype components were associated with socioeconomic and health variables. The identification of the factors associated to the frailty phenotype components demonstrates the relevance for the development of preventive strategies in order to postpone this condition as well as follow-up actions at this level of service.

摘要 本研究旨在探讨住院老年患者衰弱表型各组分的相关影响因素。本研究为一项横断面分析性研究，纳入了巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州乌贝拉巴一所综合医院内科与外科病房收治的255名老年患者。本研究采用以下评估工具：弗里德衰弱表型（Fried frailty phenotype）、相关量表（老年抑郁量表简版、Katz日常生活活动能力量表、Lawton-Brody工具性日常生活活动能力量表）以及收集社会经济与健康数据的结构化调查问卷。研究采用描述性分析、双变量分析及Logistic回归分析进行数据处理，检验水准设为p<0.05。占比最高的衰弱表型组分为步态速度减慢（40.0%）以及自我报告的倦怠和/或疲劳（38.8%）。本研究鉴定出以下相关影响因素：自我报告的倦怠和/或疲劳[与抑郁症状阳性相关（比值比（Odds Ratio, OR）=3.12；95%置信区间（Confidence Interval, CI）：1.69~5.75）]；肌肉强度下降[与高龄相关（OR=2.20；95%CI：1.40~3.47）；与无配偶状态相关（OR=1.86；95%CI：1.02~3.39）；与无法完成基本日常生活活动相关（OR=2.38；95%CI：1.27~4.44）及无法完成工具性日常生活活动相关（OR=2.53；95%CI：1.29~4.97）]；步态速度减慢[与女性性别相关（OR=2.13；95%CI：1.16~3.92）、与高龄相关（OR=2.90；95%CI：1.82~4.61）、与无法完成工具性日常生活活动相关（OR=2.08；95%CI：1.14~3.77）]；以及低体力活动水平[与高龄相关（OR=1.57；95%CI：1.01~2.44）]。衰弱表型各组分与社会经济及健康变量均存在相关性。明确与衰弱表型各组分相关的影响因素，可为制定延缓衰弱发生的预防策略及该医疗场景下的后续干预措施提供理论依据。