CSEW; British Crime Survey; BCS

<p>The <span style="font-style:italic">Crime Survey for England and Wales</span> (CSEW) asks a sole adult in a random sample of households about their, or their household's, experience of crime victimisation in the previous 12 months. These are recorded in the victim form data file (VF). A wide range of questions are then asked, covering demographics and crime-related subjects such as attitudes to the police and the criminal justice system (CJS). These variables are contained within the non-victim form (NVF) data file. In 2009, the survey was extended to children aged 10-15 years old; one resident of that age range was also selected from the household and asked about their experience of crime and other related topics. The first set of children's data covered January-December 2009 and is held separately under SN 6601. From 2009-2010, the children's data cover the same period as the adult data and are included with the main study.</p><p>The <span style="font-style:italic">Telephone-operated Crime Survey for England and Wales </span>(TCSEW) became operational on 20 May 2020. It was a replacement for the face-to-face CSEW, which was suspended on 17 March 2020 because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It was set up with the intention of measuring the level of crime during the pandemic. As the pandemic continued throughout the 2020/21 survey year, questions have been raised as to whether the year ending March 2021 TCSEW is comparable with estimates produced in earlier years by the face-to-face CSEW. The ONS <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/methodologies/comparabilitybetweenthetelephoneoperatedcrimesurveyforenglandandwalesandthefacetofacecrimesurveyforenglandandwales">Comparability between the Telephone-operated Crime Survey for England and Wales and the face-to-face Crime Survey for England and Wales</a> report explores those factors that may have a bearing on the comparability of estimates between the TCSEW and the former CSEW. These include survey design, sample design, questionnaire changes and modal changes.</p><p>More general information about the CSEW may be found on the ONS <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/surveys/informationforhouseholdsandindividuals/householdandindividualsurveys/crimesurveyforenglandandwales">Crime Survey for England and Wales</a> web page and for the previous BCS, from the GOV.UK <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/british-crime-survey-methodology">BCS Methodology</a> web page.</p><p><span style="font-style:italic">History - the British Crime Survey</span></p><p>The CSEW was formerly known as the <span style="font-style:italic">British Crime Survey</span> (BCS), and has been in existence since 1981. The 1982 and 1988 BCS waves were also conducted in Scotland (data held separately under SNs 4368 and 4599). Since 1993, separate <a href="https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/series/series?id=2000046">Scottish Crime and Justice Surveys</a> have been conducted. Up to 2001, the BCS was conducted biennially. From April 2001, the Office for National Statistics took over the survey and it became the CSEW. Interviewing was then carried out continually and reported on in financial year cycles. The crime reference period was altered to accommodate this. <br /></p><p> </p><p><em>Secure Access CSEW data<br /></em>In addition to the main survey, a series of questions covering drinking behaviour, drug use, self-offending, gangs and personal security, and intimate personal violence (IPV) (including stalking and sexual victimisation) are asked of adults via a laptop-based self-completion module (questions may vary over the years). Children aged 10-15 years also complete a separate self-completion questionnaire. The questionnaires are included in the main documentation, but the data are only available under Secure Access conditions (see SN 7280), not with the main study. In addition, from 2011 onwards, lower-level geographic variables are also available under Secure Access conditions (see SN 7311).<br /><br /><span style="font-style:italic">New methodology for capping the number of incidents from 2017-18</span><br />The CSEW datasets available from 2017-18 onwards are based on a new methodology of capping the number of incidents at the 98th percentile. Incidence variables names have remained consistent with previously supplied data but due to the fact they are based on the new 98th percentile cap, and old datasets are not, comparability has been lost with years prior to 2012-2013. More information can be found in the 2017-18 User Guide (see SN 8464) and the article ‘<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/improvingvictimisationestimatesderivedfromthecrimesurveyforenglandandwales/2019-01-24">Improving victimisation estimates derived from the Crime Survey for England and Wales</a>’. </p> The sixth <i>British Crime Survey</i> in the series aimed to: <ul><li>provide estimates of the numbers of crimes committed against individuals and their property in England and Wales during 1995</li><li>provide details of the nature and circumstances of crime and the factors associated with the risk of crime</li><li>provide national measures of the fear of crime, illicit drug use, contact with and attitudes to the police, knowledge of and attitudes to sentencing and punishment</li></ul>The 1996 study included an ethnic boost sample in addition to the main sample.<br> <br> For the fifth edition of the study (January 2007), the core sample drugs self-completion data file was replaced with a new version that includes further derived variables. The ethnic boost sample drugs data file has not been replaced.&nbsp;<br>

<em>英格兰及威尔士犯罪调查（Crime Survey for England and Wales，简称CSEW）</em>会从随机抽选的住户中选取一名成年成员，询问其本人或所在家庭过去12个月内遭遇犯罪侵害的经历，相关信息记录于<em>被害人问卷数据集（VF）</em>中。调查还会设置一系列涵盖人口统计学特征及犯罪相关主题的问题，例如对警方与刑事司法系统（CJS）的态度等，这些问题对应的变量存储于<em>非被害人问卷数据集（NVF）</em>内。2009年，调查范围扩展至10至15岁的儿童：研究人员会从住户中选取一名该年龄段的居民，询问其遭遇犯罪及其他相关主题的经历。首批儿童调查数据覆盖2009年1月至12月，单独存档于编号SN 6601；2009至2010年度的儿童调查数据则与成人数据周期一致，并入主研究数据集。

<em>电话版英格兰及威尔士犯罪调查（Telephone-operated Crime Survey for England and Wales，简称TCSEW）</em>于2020年5月20日正式启用，作为2020年3月17日因新冠疫情（COVID-19）暂停的面对面版CSEW的替代方案，旨在测算疫情期间的犯罪水平。由于2020/21调查年度疫情持续蔓延，学界与业界对截至2021年3月的TCSEW数据与此前面对面版CSEW所生成的犯罪估算值是否具有可比性提出了质疑。英国国家统计局（ONS）发布的<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/methodologies/comparabilitybetweenthetelephoneoperatedcrimesurveyforenglandandwalesandthefacetofacecrimesurveyforenglandandwales">《电话版与面对面版英格兰及威尔士犯罪调查可比性报告》</a>，探讨了可能影响TCSEW与原面对面版CSEW估算值可比性的各类因素，包括调查设计、抽样设计、问卷调整及调查模式变更。

如需了解<em>英格兰及威尔士犯罪调查</em>的更多通用信息，可访问英国国家统计局官网的<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/surveys/informationforhouseholdsandindividuals/householdandindividualsurveys/crimesurveyforenglandandwales">英格兰及威尔士犯罪调查</a>专题页面；如需了解原<em>英国犯罪调查（British Crime Survey，简称BCS）</em>的相关信息，可访问GOV.UK官网的<a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/british-crime-survey-methodology">BCS方法论</a>专题页面。

### 历史沿革——英国犯罪调查
<em>英格兰及威尔士犯罪调查</em>前身为<em>英国犯罪调查（British Crime Survey，简称BCS）</em>，自1981年起开展。1982年与1988年的BCS轮次同时在苏格兰实施，相关数据单独存档于编号SN 4368与SN 4599。自1993年起，英国单独开展<a href="https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/series/series?id=2000046">苏格兰犯罪与司法调查</a>。2001年之前，BCS每两年开展一次。2001年4月起，英国国家统计局接手该调查，并将其更名为<em>英格兰及威尔士犯罪调查（CSEW）</em>。此后调查转为持续开展，并按财政年度周期发布报告，犯罪统计的参考周期也随之调整。

### CSEW安全访问数据
除主调查外，研究人员会通过基于笔记本电脑的自填模块向成年受访者询问一系列问题，内容涵盖饮酒行为、药物使用、自我伤害、帮派问题、个人安全以及亲密伴侣暴力（intimate personal violence，简称IPV，包括跟踪骚扰与性侵害）（各年度问卷题目可能存在差异）。10至15岁的儿童也需填写独立的自填问卷。上述问卷已纳入主调查文档，但相关数据仅可通过安全访问渠道获取（详见编号SN 7280），不随主数据集一并发布。此外，自2011年起，低层级地理变量也仅可通过安全访问渠道获取（详见编号SN 7311）。

#### 2017-18年度起实施的事件数量封顶新方法
2017-18年度及之后发布的CSEW数据集采用了将事件数量封顶至98百分位的新方法论。尽管事件相关变量的命名与此前发布的数据保持一致，但由于新数据集基于98百分位封顶规则生成，而旧数据集并非如此，因此2012-2013年度之前的历史数据与新数据集已不再具有可比性。更多相关信息可参阅2017-18年度用户指南（详见编号SN 8464）及文章<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/improvingvictimisationestimatesderivedfromthecrimesurveyforenglandandwales/2019-01-24">《优化英格兰及威尔士犯罪调查侵害估算值的方法》</a>。

本系列的第六次英国犯罪调查旨在达成以下目标：
1. 估算1995年英格兰及威尔士地区针对个人及其财产的犯罪数量；
2. 详细说明犯罪的性质、案发情境以及与犯罪风险相关的各类影响因素；
3. 提供全国层面的犯罪恐惧程度、非法药物使用情况、与警方的接触情况及对警方的态度、对量刑与刑罚的认知与态度等相关指标。

1996年的调查在主样本之外增设了种族增补样本。

针对该调查的第五版（2007年1月），核心样本的药物使用自填数据集已更新为包含更多衍生变量的新版本，但种族增补样本的药物使用数据集未进行替换。