Subsistence and personal use harvest of salmon in Alaska, 1960-2012

Subsistence fishing is important for the economies and cultures of many families and communities in Alaska. Subsistence uses of wild resources exist alongside other important uses of fish and game in Alaska and are especially important for many rural families who depend on subsistence use for nutrition and traditional cultural practices. Subsistence use is defined as the noncommercial, customary harvest and processing of wild resources for food, raw materials, and other traditional uses. These customs have been a central part of the traditions of many cultural and tribal groups in Alaska for centuries. Today, subsistence and personal use fisheries are open only to Alaska residents that have been living in the state for at least one year. The Board of Fisheries (BOF) has the authority to adopt regulations governing the use of fish resources in Alaska. In order to regulate subsistence fisheries and ensure sustainability, the BOF is directed by Alaskan state law to identify fish stocks that are customarily and traditionally used for subsistence in Alaska. After customary and traditional use has been determined for a stock, the amount reasonably necessary for subsistence is set. Subsistence and personal use fisheries are managed under different regulations and thus regulations vary by fishery and location across the state. For example, only some fisheries require a permit issued by ADFG and some waters are closed to subsistence fishing, other fisheries have season, gear, and/or bag limit restrictions. Finfish other than salmon, rainbow trout, and steelhead trout may be taken for subsistence purposes at any time in any area of the state by any method unless restricted by the subsistence fishing regulations in the Alaska Admin Code. Salmon are more strictly regulated and the fisheries require permits, only allow certain gear types, and are restricted to certain waters in the state. This dataset includes information on subsistence salmon harvest from 1960-2012 across the entire state of Alaska. The csv file "ASFDB_FullPermit.csv" has been reformatted from the original excel file ("ASFDB_Full_PermitTypeDetail.xlsx"). This processing was done using the R Markdown file, "subsistence_harvest_processing.Rmd". Each entry is a report from a specific fishery and community in Alaska including permit type, resource type, year, and harvest (both reported and estimated). For each species, harvest data include both the number of fish and the edible weight in lbs (dressed, head off). 1996 Cook Inlet data are not currently available for personal use fisheries by community, but an overall total for 1996 has been added.

自给性捕鱼（subsistence fishing）对于阿拉斯加诸多家庭与社区的经济发展与文化传承均具有重要意义。野生资源的自给性利用与阿拉斯加其他重要的渔猎用途并行存在，对于许多依赖此类获取方式获取营养、开展传统民俗活动的乡村家庭而言尤为关键。

自给性利用被定义为以获取食物、原材料及其他传统用途为目的，对野生资源开展的非商业性、习惯性收获与加工。数百年来，这类传统习俗始终是阿拉斯加诸多文化与部落群体文化内核的重要组成部分。

目前，自给性及个人使用渔业仅对在阿拉斯加定居满一年的居民开放。渔业委员会（Board of Fisheries, BOF）拥有制定阿拉斯加鱼类资源利用监管法规的权限。为规范自给性渔业运营并保障资源可持续性，阿拉斯加州法律要求该委员会认定本州内惯常且传统用于自给性用途的鱼类种群。在确定某一种群的惯常与传统使用属性后，委员会将设定合理的自给性必需捕捞额度。

自给性与个人使用渔业执行不同的监管规则，因此全州范围内各渔业类型及不同区域的监管要求存在差异。例如，仅部分渔业需获取阿拉斯加鱼类与野生动物保护部（Alaska Department of Fish and Game, ADFG）核发的捕捞许可，部分水域禁止开展自给性捕鱼活动，其余渔业则设有捕捞季、渔具类型及/或每日捕捞限额等限制。

除大马哈鱼（salmon）、虹鳟（rainbow trout）及硬头鳟（steelhead trout）之外的鳍鱼，可在本州任意区域、以任意方式出于自给性目的进行捕捞，除非受《阿拉斯加行政法典》（Alaska Admin Code）中的自给性捕鱼法规限制。大马哈鱼（salmon）的监管更为严格，相关渔业需申请捕捞许可、仅允许使用特定类型渔具，并限定在本州特定水域开展捕捞活动。

本数据集涵盖1960年至2012年阿拉斯加州全域范围内的自给性大马哈鱼捕捞相关信息。CSV文件"ASFDB_FullPermit.csv"由原始Excel文件"ASFDB_Full_PermitTypeDetail.xlsx"重新格式化而来，该数据处理流程通过R Markdown文件"subsistence_harvest_processing.Rmd"完成。每条记录均源自阿拉斯加某一特定渔业与社区的捕捞报告，内容包含许可类型、资源类型、捕捞年份及捕捞量（含报告值与估算值）。针对每一物种，捕捞数据同时记录了鱼类个体数量及以磅为单位的可食用重量（去皮去头）。1996年库克湾（Cook Inlet）的个人使用渔业社区级数据暂未获取，但已补充该年度的全州整体总捕捞量。