Replication Data for: The Correlates of Ethnicity: Why the Ethnic Majority Expects That Ethnic Minorities Contribute Less to the Collective

Members of the ethnic majority tend to view immigrants and ethnic minorities as less willing to contribute to the collective. Why is this the case? I argue that in Europe, ethnic attributes signal citizens’ socio-economic resources, cultural values, and norm compliance and that these factors, rather than ethnic identities per se, explain why citizens are expected (not) to contribute. Through a conjoint experimental design in Denmark that manipulated respondents’ access to information about these different mechanisms, the argument finds support. First, in information-sparse environments, ethnic majority members expect that minority members contribute substantially less to the provision of public goods than majority members. Second, this ethnic bias is reduced by each of the three mechanism and explained away once information on all three is available. This demonstrates that negative expectations toward minorities operate through multiple, complementary channels, and that stereotype-countering information can reduce the majority-minority expectation gap.

多数族群成员往往认为移民与少数族裔群体为集体贡献的意愿更低。为何会出现这一现象？本文提出，在欧洲语境下，族群属性能够传递出公民的社会经济资源、文化价值观与规范遵从度；正是这些因素，而非族群身份本身，解释了公众为何会被期待（或不被期待）为集体贡献力量。本研究通过在丹麦开展的联合实验设计（conjoint experimental design），操纵受访者获取上述三类机制相关信息的权限，为上述论点提供了实证支撑。其一，在信息匮乏场景中，多数族群成员会认为少数族裔群体为公共物品（public goods）供给做出的贡献远低于多数族群成员。其二，上述三类机制中的每一类均可削弱这一种族偏见；当获取全部三类机制的相关信息后，这一种族偏见便会被完全消解。本研究表明，针对少数族裔的负面预期通过多条互补渠道产生作用，而反刻板印象信息能够缩小多数与少数族群之间的期望差距。