HEartS Survey 2019: Charting the health, economic, and social impact of the ARTs

The sample was recruited through an online data collection platform, Qualtrics, between March and August 2019. Data collection quotas were set for gender, age, geographical region, ethnicity, and education to match the UK 2011 Census population profile. A total of 11,861 respondents started the survey. Of these, 1,623 did not consent to participate in the survey and stopped at the consenting process. A further 3,219 respondents were automatically excluded after answering initial sociodemographic questions as the quotas for their characteristics were already reached. A further 969 were excluded due to completing the survey in under four minutes, i.e. speeding through the survey (n = 97) or providing nonsense or abusive responses to open questions (n = 872). Following a complete case analysis and excluding “prefer not to say” responses to gender, education, living status, household income, health conditions, and self-reported health, n=5,338 formed the final study sample. List of measures and instruments included: Demographic and socioeconomic information Where available standardised Census questions were used to collect data on: ethnicity, geographic region, highest educational qualifications, gender, age, and household composition and income Arts engagement Adapted scale of arts engagement based on Understanding Society and Taking Part survey arts engagement assessment tool measuring engagement in 10 participatory arts activities and 10 receptive arts activities in the last 12 months, followed by questions on whether the engagement occurred mainly alone, with others or alone, or mainly with others Professional work within the arts sector Spending on arts and culture in the last month and predication about future arts spending Health and social data Self-rated general health item and an item on diagnosis of mental health problems, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic respiratory disease Physical activity scale recording mild, moderate, and vigorous physical activity frequency Centre for Epidemiologic Study Depression scale (CES-D) 8-item short form Mental Health Continuum Short Form 14-item scale UCLA Loneliness Short Form 4-item scale De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Short Form 6-item scale Items assessing: loneliness frequency, loneliness intensity, number of close friends, number of close family members, presence of a partner or spouse, and closeness of this relationship Social Connectedness Revised 15-item scale See ‘HEartS Survey 2019 Variables’ for further details on variables included.

本研究样本于2019年3月至8月间通过在线数据采集平台Qualtrics招募。数据采集设置了性别、年龄、地理区域、种族与教育程度的配额，以匹配2011年英国人口普查（UK 2011 Census）的人口结构。本次调查共计11861名受访者启动了问卷。其中1623人未同意参与，在知情同意环节即终止调查。另有3219名受访者在完成初始社会人口学问卷后被自动排除，因其对应的特征类别配额已达上限。另有969人被排除：其中97人因答题时长不足4分钟（即快速浏览完成问卷），872人因对开放性问题给出无意义或辱骂性回复。经完整案例分析，并剔除性别、教育程度、居住状况、家庭收入、健康状况及自我报告健康状况中"不愿透露"的回复后，最终有效研究样本量为n=5338。

本次研究纳入的测量工具与量表如下：
1. 人口与社会经济信息：若条件允许，采用标准化人口普查问题采集以下数据：种族、地理区域、最高教育学历、性别、年龄、家庭构成与收入。
2. 艺术参与度：改编自《理解社会》（Understanding Society）与《参与调查》（Taking Part survey）艺术参与度评估工具的艺术参与量表，用于评估受访者过去12个月内参与10项参与式艺术活动与10项接受式艺术活动的情况，随后询问参与形式主要为独自参与、与他人共同参与，或偏向其中一种形式。
3. 艺术领域职业相关与艺术文化支出：询问受访者过去一个月的艺术文化支出情况，以及对未来艺术支出的预期。
4. 健康与社会数据：
- 自我报告总体健康状况条目，以及针对心理健康问题、癌症、心血管疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病的诊断情况条目；
- 记录轻度、中度、重度体力活动频率的体力活动量表；
- 流调中心抑郁量表（Centre for Epidemiologic Study Depression scale, CES-D）8项简版；
- 心理健康连续简表（Mental Health Continuum Short Form）14条目量表；
- 加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感简表（UCLA Loneliness Short Form）4条目量表；
- 德容·吉尔维尔德孤独感简表（De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Short Form）6条目量表；
- 用于评估以下内容的条目：孤独感发生频率、孤独感强度、亲密好友数量、亲密家庭成员数量、是否拥有伴侣或配偶，以及该亲密关系的亲密度；
- 修订版社会联结感量表（Social Connectedness Revised）15条目量表。

有关纳入变量的详细信息，请参见「HEartS Survey 2019 Variables」。