UKESM1.1 Black Carbon Deposition: Greenland Ice Sheet (2019 - 2024)

This dataset contains black carbon (BC) deposition products from 2019 to end of 2024 from the U.K Earth System Model version 1.1, created for a publication examining the impacts of emissions from the 2023 Canadian wildfires on the Greenland Ice Sheet. 

Included in this dataset are:

(1) Mean May-September deposition (kg/m^2/day) across the Greenland Ice Sheet per year (NetCDF)(2) Mean deposition time series (Tg/day) for each of the second Mouginot regions defined in Mouginot et al. (2019) [southwest (SW), central west (CW), (iii) northwest (NW), north (NO), northeast (NE), central east (CE), and southeast (SE)] (csv)(3) Mean deposition time series (Tg/day) for the grid cell covering the South Dome Automatic Weather Station (2893 m a.s.l., 63.149 N, 44.817 W), which is part of the Geological Survey of Greenland and Denmark (GEUS)'s Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) and Greenland Climate Network (GC-NET) network (How et al., 2022) (csv)

A note of caution for (3): UKESM grid cells are quite large (1.25 x 1.875 degrees) so these values are likely to be substantially higher in UKESM than might be measured directly at the station given that it represents deposition over such a large area. 

No data is indicted by cell values equal to -999.

The analyses are based on an emission‑driven simulation using the United Kingdom Earth System Model version 1.1 (UKESM1.1; Sellar et al., 2019; Mulcahy et al., 2023). The model was integrated at a horizontal resolution of 1.25° × 1.875° with daily output, covering the period from 2019 through 2024, following a spin‑up during November and December 2018. BC and other fire-related emissions were prescribed using the Global Fire Emissions Database version 5.1 (van der Werf et al., 2025). Non-fire anthropogenic and biogenic emissions were taken from Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service inventories version 3.0 and 5.3, respectively (Granier et al., 2019; Soulie et al., 2024). To constrain large‑scale atmospheric variability, model meteorology was nudged toward ERA5 reanalysis fields at six‑hourly intervals (Hersbach et al., 2020).

References

Granier et al. (2019) The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service global and regional emissions (April 2019 version), Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) report, doi: 10.24380/d0bn-kx16

Hersbach et al. (2020) The ERA5 global reanalysis, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 146 (730), doi: 10.1002/qj.3803

How et al. (2022) PROMICE and GC-Net automated weather station data in Greenland, GEUS Dataverse, V33, doi: 10.22008/FK2/IW73UU

Mouginot et al. (2019) Forty-six years of Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance from 1972 to 2018, Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 116 (19)

Mulcahy et al. (2023) UKESM1.1: development and evaluation of an updated configuration of the UK Earth System Model, Geoscientific Model Development, 16 (6), doi: 10.5194/gmd-16-1569-2023

Sellar et al. (2019) UKESM1: Description and Evaluation of the U.K. Earth System Model, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11 (12), doi: 10.1029/2019MS001739

Soulie et al. (2024) Global anthropogenic emissions (CAMS-GLOB-ANT) for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service simulations of air quality forecasts and reanalyses, Earth System Science Data, 16 (5), doi: 10.5194/essd-16-2261-2024

van der Werf et al. (2025) Landscape fire emissions from the 5th version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED5), Scientific Data, 12 (1), doi: 10.1038/s41597-025-06127-w