Supplemental BOSS Emission Line Catalog

This archive contains the emission-line catalog described in Appendix A of
the paper by Hamann et al., 2016, MNRAS, in press. "Extremely Red
Quasars in BOSS"Paper Abstract: Red quasars are candidate young
objects in an early transition stage of massive galaxy evolution. Our team
recently discovered a population of extremely red quasars (ERQs) in the
Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) that has a suite of
peculiar emission-line properties including large rest equivalent widths
(REWs), unusual "wingless" line profiles, large NV/Lya, NV/CIV,
SiIV/CIV and other flux ratios, and very broad and blueshifted [OIII]
5007. Here we present a new catalog of CIV and NV emission-line data for
216,188 BOSS quasars to characterize the ERQ line properties further. We
show that they depend sharply on UV-to-mid-IR color, secondarily on
REW(CIV), and not at all on luminosity or the Baldwin Effect. We identify
a “core” sample of 97 ERQs with nearly uniform peculiar properties
selected via i-W3 > 4.6 (AB) and REW(Civ) > 100 A at
redshifts 2.0-3.4. A broader search finds 235 more red quasars with
similar unusual characteristics. The core ERQs have median luminosity
logL(ergs/s) ~ 47.1, sky density 0.010 deg-2, surprisingly flat/blue UV
spectra given their red UV-to-mid-IR colors, and common outflow signatures
including BALs or BAL-like features and large CIV emission-line
blueshifts. Their SEDs and line properties are inconsistent with normal
quasars behind a dust reddening screen. We argue that the core ERQs are a
unique obscured quasar population with extreme physical conditions related
to powerful outflows across the line-forming regions. Patchy obscuration
by small dusty clouds could produce the observed UV extinctions without
substantial UV reddening.

本归档文件包含Hamann等人2016年发表于《皇家天文学会月报》（Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, MNRAS）已接收待刊论文附录A中所述的发射线目录，该论文题为"Extremely Red Quasars in BOSS"。

论文摘要：红类星体是处于大质量星系演化早期过渡阶段的候选年轻天体。我们团队近期在重子振荡光谱巡天（Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, BOSS）中发现了一类极红类星体（Extremely Red Quasars, ERQs），其具备一系列独特的发射线特性：包括较大的静止等效宽度（rest equivalent widths, REWs）、异常的“无翼”谱线轮廓、偏高的NV/Lya、NV/CIV、SiIV/CIV及其他流量比，以及[OIII] 5007线的极宽蓝移特征。

本文我们发布了针对216188个BOSS类星体的CIV与NV发射线数据新目录，以进一步刻画ERQ的谱线特性。研究表明，这些特性强烈依赖于紫外至中红外波段的颜色，次要依赖于REW(CIV)，而与光度或鲍德温效应（Baldwin Effect）完全无关。我们通过i-W3 > 4.6（AB星等系统）且红移2.0~3.4范围内REW(CIV) > 100埃的筛选标准，识别出97个具备近乎统一独特属性的ERQ“核心”样本。进一步的宽范围搜索又找到了235个具有类似异常特性的红类星体。

该核心ERQ样本的中位光度为logL(erg/s) ≈ 47.1，面密度为0.010 deg⁻²。尽管其紫外至中红外颜色偏红，但它们的紫外光谱却异常平坦偏蓝，且普遍存在外流特征，包括宽吸收线（Broad Absorption Lines, BALs）或类宽吸收线特征，以及显著的CIV发射线蓝移。它们的光谱能量分布（Spectral Energy Distributions, SEDs）与谱线特性均不符合常规类星体被尘埃红化幕遮挡的情况。我们认为，核心ERQ是一类独特的被遮挡类星体群体，其极端物理环境与横跨谱线形成区域的强外流相关。由微小尘埃云构成的斑片状遮挡可在不产生显著紫外红化的前提下，产生观测到的紫外消光现象。