Survey of amyloidosis cases among different free-living wild and zoo animals

Amyloidosis comprises a range of protein-folding disorders characterised by a buildup of amyloid deposits in one or multiple organs. The pathogenesis and pathologic findings of amyloidosis can vary widely due to the nature of the precursor protein. In veterinary medicine, there are 10 proteins known to form amyloid deposits in various organs. This review aims to compare amyloidosis cases among different free-living wild and zoo animals focussing in part on the determination of the species particularly susceptible to the amyloid formation and specific prone-to-aggregate protein commonly involved. This review addresses the transmission of AA amyloidosis pertinent to institutions, such as zoos, housing multiple individuals and species in relatively close proximity. In addition, this review includes summarisation for definitive diagnosis of single or multiple cases of amyloidosis affecting free-living wild and zoo animals. Insights into the diversity, transmission, and pathogenesis of known amyloidogenic proteins and species prevalently affected may help to establish a preventive intervention and stimulate the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

淀粉样变性（Amyloidosis）是一类以单个或多个器官内沉积淀粉样沉积物（amyloid deposits）为特征的蛋白质折叠紊乱（protein-folding disorders）疾病。其发病机制与病理表现可因前体蛋白（precursor protein）的性质差异而呈现显著异质性。在兽医学领域，目前已明确有10种蛋白可在各类器官中形成淀粉样沉积物。本综述旨在对比不同野生自由栖息动物与动物园圈养动物的淀粉样变性病例，重点明确易发生淀粉样沉积的物种及常见的易聚集致病蛋白类型。本综述还探讨了与机构（如动物园）相关的AA型淀粉样变性（AA amyloidosis）的传播途径——这类机构常将多个个体与不同物种置于相对紧密的饲养环境中。此外，本综述还将归纳针对累及野生自由栖息动物与动物园圈养动物的单发或多发淀粉样变性病例的确诊方法。针对已明确的致淀粉样变性蛋白（amyloidogenic proteins）及高发受累物种的多样性、传播途径与发病机制的深入解析，可为制定预防干预措施提供参考，并推动新型诊断与治疗策略的研发。