2008–2020年豫东黄河故道冲积平原区夏玉米产量特性数据集

玉米作为三大主粮作物之一，是我国重要的食品及工业原料，因此其在保障国家粮食生产安全方面具有不可替代的作用。河南商丘农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站地处黄淮海平原核心地带，在玉米产量特性的长期监测过程中，商丘站严格遵循《陆地生态系统生物观测指标与规范》中各项技术规范与要求，确保所获数据的连续性、准确性和完整性。本数据集基于商丘站2008-2020年期间6处典型农田耕地玉米产量特性的观测结果，系统梳理包含株高、结穗高度、茎粗、果穗长度、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、地上部总干重、百粒重、籽粒干重、单位面积产量、直接成本及作物产值在内的多项关键指标。本数据集可为分析玉米产量波动原因、研究玉米品种气候的适应性、构建区域玉米产量预测模型及审定推广优势品种等相关研究工作提供重要的数据支撑。

As one of the three major staple grain crops, maize is an important food and industrial raw material in China, thus playing an irreplaceable role in ensuring national food production security. The Shangqiu Farmland Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station (Henan Province) is located in the core zone of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. During the long-term monitoring of maize yield characteristics, the station strictly complied with all technical specifications and requirements stipulated in *Indicators and Specifications for Biological Observations of Terrestrial Ecosystems*, ensuring the continuity, accuracy and integrity of the collected data. This dataset is based on the observation results of maize yield characteristics from 6 typical farmland plots during 2008–2020 at the Shangqiu station, and systematically collects multiple key indicators including plant height, ear height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, total above-ground dry weight, 100-grain weight, grain dry weight, yield per unit area, direct production costs and crop output value. This dataset provides important data support for relevant research works such as analyzing the causes of maize yield fluctuations, studying the climatic adaptability of maize varieties, constructing regional maize yield prediction models, and approving and popularizing superior maize varieties.