A stakeholder analysis of the road transport system in Tanzania using a STAMP control structure

The way the road transport system is developed in a country affects safety. This study aims to identify the roles and relationships of road transport stakeholders and to explore the understanding of control and feedback mechanisms and associated gaps influencing road safety. A System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) model was applied to document and interview data (<i>n</i> = 30). Participants emphasised the hindrance of overlapping mandates among stakeholders on the road transport system’s operations and underlined the roles of coalitions for road safety as system enablers. Further, the withdrawal of some controls by international agencies can increase system vulnerability. Most importantly, critical control and feedback gaps were shown to increase risks for safety within the road transport system. The findings underscore the complexity of the road transport system and add to the discussion on a system’s approach to road safety. <b>Practitioner summary:</b> Using a STAMP methodology, we extensively studied the road transport system in Tanzania. Road transport stakeholders were identified through the review of documents, interviews were conducted, and the main findings were discussed. Control and feedback mechanisms and associated gaps were critically presented, recommendations were proposed, and policy implications were suggested.

一国道路运输系统的发展模式会对道路安全产生影响。本研究旨在明确道路运输利益相关方（road transport stakeholders）的角色与相互关系，并探究影响道路安全的管控与反馈机制及其相关缺陷的认知情况。本研究采用系统理论事故模型与过程（System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes，简称STAMP）对文档与访谈数据（样本量n=30）进行分析。
受访对象着重指出，道路运输利益相关方之间的权责重叠会阻碍道路运输系统的运营，并强调了道路安全联盟作为系统赋能主体的重要作用。此外，国际机构部分管控措施的撤出可能会提升系统的脆弱性。最为关键的是，研究显示关键管控与反馈机制的缺失会加剧道路运输系统内的安全风险。本研究结果凸显了道路运输系统的复杂性，也为道路安全系统方法的相关讨论提供了新的支撑。
**从业者摘要：** 本研究采用STAMP方法，对坦桑尼亚的道路运输系统开展了全面调研。通过文献梳理与访谈调研识别了道路运输利益相关方，并对核心研究结果进行了研讨。本研究系统呈现了管控与反馈机制及其存在的相关缺陷，提出了针对性建议，并阐明了相关政策启示。