Involvement of Streptomyces in the Deterioration of Cultural Heritage Materials Through Biomineralization and Bio-Pigment Production Pathways: A Review

<i>Streptomyces</i> are involved in the deterioration of cultural heritage materials through several pathways, the most important of these are biomineralization and bio-pigment production. The biomineralization pathway can occur through the precipitation of calcite, silica, barytes, hydromagnesite and iron compounds on colonized paintings and on stone surfaces with paintings in relief. <i>Streptomyces</i> biomineralize boron although it was confirmed in biodeterioration of cultural heritage materials. The other pathway occurs via bio pigment production and the most common of these biopigments are melanin with colors ranging from black through brown to olive, carotenoids with colors ranging from red, yellow, and pink through to violet and thirdly, actinorhodin-related blue pigments.

链霉菌（Streptomyces）可通过多种途径介导文化遗产材质的劣化，其中最为关键的两类途径分别为生物矿化作用与生物色素生成。生物矿化途径可表现为方解石、二氧化硅、重晶石、水菱镁矿及铁化合物在被定植的画作，以及带有浮雕绘画的石材表面析出。链霉菌可矿化硼元素，尽管该现象已在文化遗产材质的生物劣化案例中得到证实。另一劣化途径则源于生物色素的合成，其中最常见的生物色素包括三类：颜色跨度覆盖黑色、棕色至橄榄色的黑色素；颜色涵盖红、黄、粉至紫色的类胡萝卜素；以及与放线紫红素（actinorhodin）相关的蓝色色素。