Parkes observations for project P456 semester 2018APRS_24

The Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) project has three primary goals: (a) detection of gravitational waves from astronomical sources, (b) establishment of a pulsar timescale, and (c) improvement of our understanding of Solar-system dynamics. The PPTA is the oldest of three international pulsar timing groups. We have the smallest telescope and the smallest group, but the best measurements and the best results. Our bound on the strength of the incoherent gravitational wave background is the only bound which significantly constrains theoretical models. We have maintained our leading position because: we have the southern sky; we have a small but well-focussed group; we have the best-calibrated receivers; and we have been able to observe with an almost regular cadence of 15 to 20 days at three different wavelengths. With this proposal we aim to maintain our pre-eminent position in the field.\r\n\r\nUnlike most observing proposals, this is a continuing proposal for which the observations will continue to improve bounds on ultra-low-frequency gravitational waves until they are finally detected. Continued Parkes observations will remain valuable at least until the first stage of the SKA is able to improve on our sensitivity and observing cadence. Even after the gravitational wave background is detected we will want to continue observations in support of the nascent field of gravitational wave astronomy!

Parkes脉冲星计时阵列（Parkes Pulsar Timing Array, PPTA）项目设有三大核心目标：(a) 探测来自天文天体的引力波；(b) 建立脉冲星时标系统；(c) 深化对太阳系动力学机制的理解。PPTA是三大国际脉冲星计时团队中历史最悠久的一支。尽管我们拥有规模最小的望远镜与科研团队，却取得了精度最高的测量结果与最出色的研究成果。我们针对非相干引力波背景强度给出的约束条件，是目前唯一能有效限制相关理论模型的约束。我们始终保持该领域的领先地位，原因在于：我们拥有南天星空的独特观测优势；拥有一支精干且聚焦的科研团队；配备了校准精度最优的接收机；并且能够以15至20天的近乎恒定观测间隔，在三个不同波段开展观测。通过本提案，我们旨在维持自身在该领域的领军地位。

与绝大多数观测提案不同，本提案属于持续性观测项目，相关观测将持续优化对超低频引力波的约束，直至最终实现这类引力波的直接探测。至少在平方千米阵列（Square Kilometre Array, SKA）第一阶段项目达成优于我们的灵敏度与观测频次之前，Parkes望远镜的持续观测仍将具备极高科研价值。即便引力波背景被成功探测，我们仍需延续观测以支撑这一新兴的引力波天文学领域发展！