xiezhi_20231026

A unique new species,<i> </i><i>Oreocharis scutifolia</i><i> </i>Z. Xie, Miao Zhang &amp; H. H. Kong, endemic to the Dry and Hot Valley of Jinsha River Basin, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated here. It is similar to <i>O. cordatula</i> (Craib) Pellegr. and <i>O. aurantiaca</i> Baill. in some morphological characters, but differs in its unique peltate, ovate to oblong leaf blades with emarginated apex, places and types of indumentum, length of peduncles and corolla, also have significant differences in these species. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on transcriptome data strongly supported <i>O. scutifolia</i> as a new species, while it forms a sister group with <i>O. henryana</i> Oliv., <i>O. cordatula</i> (Craib) Pellegr., <i>O. minor</i> Pellegr. and <i>O. aurantiaca</i> Baill. (ML = 100). Due to its tiny population, narrow distribution range, and the serious threat from human activities, invasive plants and damaged habitat, the new species is assessed as "critically endangered" following the IUCN categories and criteria.Here, we are willing to introduce a dataset consisting of 125 samples, including 6 species from Gesneriaceae as outgroups of the genus <i>Oreocharis</i> and 119 members of the same genus. This dataset is provided as supplementary material to the nature notes "<i>Oreocharis scutifolia</i> (Gesneriaceae) , a unique new species from the Dry and Hot Valley of Jinsha River Basin, Yunnan, China" submitted to <i>Ecology and Evolution</i>.

本文记述并绘图了一个独特的新种——盾叶马铃苣苔（Oreocharis scutifolia Z. Xie, Miao Zhang & H. H. Kong），该物种为中国云南金沙江干热河谷特有。本种在部分形态性状上与心叶马铃苣苔（O. cordatula (Craib) Pellegr.）和橙黄马铃苣苔（O. aurantiaca Baill.）相似，但具有独特的盾形、卵形至长圆形且先端具凹缺的叶片，其毛被的着生位置与类型、花序梗及花冠长度均与上述两个物种存在显著差异。基于转录组数据的分子系统发育分析强烈支持盾叶马铃苣苔为一新种，且该新种与鄂西马铃苣苔（O. henryana Oliv.）、心叶马铃苣苔、小马铃苣苔（O. minor Pellegr.）及橙黄马铃苣苔构成高支持率的姊妹群（最大似然法支持率ML=100）。由于该新种种群规模极小、分布范围狭窄，且面临人类活动、外来入侵植物及生境破坏的严重威胁，依据国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的分类标准与评估准则，该物种被评定为"极危（CR）"。本文附带一套包含125份样本的数据集，其中包括6个苦苣苔科（Gesneriaceae）物种作为马铃苣苔属（Oreocharis）的外类群，以及119个同属物种样本。本数据集作为投稿至《Ecology and Evolution》的研究短文《中国云南金沙江干热河谷特有苦苣苔科新种盾叶马铃苣苔（Oreocharis scutifolia）》的补充材料予以提供。