Protected Area Systems in South American Countries

ABSTRACT Protected Areas (PA) represent an important biodiversity conservation strategy, but these areas are threatened by increasing human pressure and inefficient management. Thus, the objective was to analyze the management of PA in South America, a continent with particular characteristics in relation to the political and socioeconomic complexity that reflect the way each country manages its PA. The results showed that, although there is progress in establishing PAs, there is only effective protection when they have adequate size and management, and Protected Area Systems (PAS) are established. It was possible to observe the importance of the PAS, since, PA managed outside it have comprehensive norms, without defined criteria, with several organs operating without connection. For PA management, uniform and standardized actions are fundamental in order to allow a global network for biodiversity protection.

【摘要】 保护地（Protected Areas, PA）是一项重要的生物多样性保护策略，但此类区域正面临日益加剧的人类活动压力与低效管理的双重威胁。为此，本研究旨在分析南美洲的保护地管理现状——该大陆在政治与社会经济层面具有独特的复杂特质，恰好能反映各国各自的保护地管理模式。研究结果显示，尽管保护地的设立工作已取得一定进展，但唯有当保护地具备合理规模与完善管理，且建立了保护地体系（Protected Area Systems, PAS）时，方能实现有效的保护。由此不难看出保护地体系的重要性：游离于体系之外的保护地虽有全面的管理规范，却缺乏明确的执行标准，且多个管理机构各自为政、缺乏协同联动。就保护地管理而言，推行统一且标准化的行动是构建全球生物多样性保护网络的核心基础。