Landcover - Delaware River Basin NY and PA 2010

High resolution land cover dataset for the Delaware River Basin, an area comprised of parts of six counties in the state of New York and four counties in Pennsylvania. Seven land cover classes were mapped: (1) tree canopy, (2) grass/shrub, (3) bare earth, (4) water, (5) buildings, (6) roads, and (7) other paved surfaces. The minimum mapping unit for the delineation of features was set at six square meters. The primary sources used to derive this land cover layer were 2008 LiDAR data and 2010 - 2011 NAIP imagery. LiDAR coverage was complete for the Pennsylvaia portion of the AOI, however, LiDAR was unavailable for large portions of the New York portion. Where LiDAR was not available, imagery was the primary data source. Ancillary data sources included GIS data (eg. such as hydrology, breakline and buildings) provided by the counties of Lackawana, Monroe, Pike and Wayne, PA, as well as the New York State GIS Clearinghouse. Some of these vector datasets were edited by the UVM Spatial Analysis lab through manual interpretation. Other datasets, such as bare soil, were created by the UVM Spatial Anyslsis Lab in order to assist in landcover creation. This land cover dataset is considered current for Pennsylvania portion of the study area as of summer 2010. The dataset is current as of summer 2011 for the New York counties of Chenango, Delaware, Orange and Sullivan. Broome County, NY, is considered current as of summer 2010. Ulster County, NY, employed data from both summer 2010 and summer 2011, therefore currentness varies throughout the county. Object-based image analysis techniques (OBIA) were employed to extract land cover information using the best available remotely sensed and vector GIS datasets. OBIA systems work by grouping pixels into meaningful objects based on their spectral and spatial properties, while taking into account boundaries imposed by existing vector datasets. Within the OBIA environment a rule-based expert system was designed to effectively mimic the process of manual image analysis by incorporating the elements of image interpretation (color/tone, texture, pattern, location, size, and shape) into the classification process. A series of morphological procedures were employed to insure that the end product is both accurate and cartographically pleasing. No accuracy assessment was conducted, but the dataset was subject to a thorough manual quality control.

This data is hosted at, and may be downloaded or accessed from PASDA, the Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access Geospatial Data Clearinghouse http://www.pasda.psu.edu/uci/DataSummary.aspx?dataset=3166

特拉华河流域高分辨率土地覆盖数据集，其覆盖范围涵盖美国纽约州6个县的部分区域以及宾夕法尼亚州4个县的部分区域。本次共绘制了7类土地覆盖类别：(1) 树冠层，(2) 草本/灌丛，(3) 裸地，(4) 水体，(5) 建筑物，(6) 道路，(7) 其他铺装表面。地物勾勒的最小制图单元设定为6平方米。本土地覆盖图层的主要数据源为2008年激光雷达（LiDAR）数据与2010-2011年美国农业部农业影像计划（NAIP）影像。研究区（AOI, Area of Interest）的宾夕法尼亚州部分区域已实现完整的激光雷达覆盖，但纽约州部分区域的大部分范围无法获取激光雷达数据；在无激光雷达数据可用的区域，影像则作为主要数据源。辅助数据源包括宾夕法尼亚州拉克瓦纳县、门罗县、派克县、韦恩县提供的地理信息系统（GIS）数据（如水文数据、断裂线数据与建筑物数据），以及纽约州地理信息系统交换中心提供的数据。部分矢量数据集由佛蒙特大学（UVM）空间分析实验室通过人工解译进行编辑；其余数据集（如裸土数据集）则由该实验室构建，以辅助土地覆盖制图工作。本土地覆盖数据集在宾夕法尼亚州研究区部分的现势性截至2010年夏季；纽约州钦南县、特拉华县、奥兰治县与沙利文县的数据集现势性截至2011年夏季；纽约州布鲁姆县的数据集现势性截至2010年夏季；纽约州阿尔斯特县同时采用了2010年夏季与2011年夏季的数据，因此该县各区域的数据集现势性存在差异。本数据集采用面向对象影像分析（OBIA, Object-Based Image Analysis）技术，结合最优可用的遥感与矢量地理信息系统数据集提取土地覆盖信息。面向对象影像分析系统的工作原理为：基于像素的光谱与空间特性将其聚合为具有实际意义的地物对象，同时兼顾现有矢量数据集所定义的边界。在面向对象影像分析环境中，研究人员构建了基于规则的专家系统，通过将影像解译要素（色彩/色调、纹理、图案、位置、大小与形状）融入分类流程，有效模拟人工影像解译的过程。研究团队采用了一系列形态学处理流程，以确保最终成果兼具精度与制图美观性。本数据集未开展精度评估，但已通过严格的人工质量控制流程。
本数据集托管于宾夕法尼亚州空间数据获取地理空间数据交换中心（PASDA, Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access），可通过以下链接下载或访问：http://www.pasda.psu.edu/uci/DataSummary.aspx?dataset=3166