Geographic variation in and the association of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation with maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) (MOR, median odds ratio; IqOR, interquartile odds ratio).

Model 1 was not adjusted for any individual characteristics; Model 2 was adjusted for age and race; Model 3 was adjusted for individual socioeconomic conditions (mom’s education, dad’s education, and household income); Model 4 was adjusted for biological parents’ cohabitation and alcohol use (maternal alcohol use during pregnancy, and maternal history of alcohol dependence); Model 5 was adjusted for all individual covariates.