Green open space planning based on spatial justice in Jakarta (Study of child friendly integrated public spaces and general green open space)

Background: Urbanization has significantly reduced green open spaces in Jakarta, impacting ecological balance and quality of life. While the importance of green open spaces for urban quality of life is well understood, comprehensive studies on spatial justice related to the distribution and accessibility of green open spaces in major cities like Jakarta are still limited. This study aims to assess the distribution, accessibility, and government budget allocation for public green open spaces in South Jakarta, with a focus on spatial justice and equitable access. Methods: Using GIS software, this study assesses the distribution and accessibility of urban green spaces, conducts descriptive analysis on government budget allocation, and evaluates justice in public green space planning in South Jakarta. Findings: Despite the overall availability of green open space in South Jakarta meeting the standard of 0.2m² per capita, the sub-districts of Pasar Minggu and Pesanggrahan still exhibit gaps in availability, and accessibility uneven trough all South Jakarta. Conclusions: The budget allocated by the government for green spaces is relatively low compared to the total budget of DKI Jakarta. Green open space planning in the City of South Jakarta has not yet fully achieved spatial justice. This is influenced by the insufficient number, area and distribution to reach all regions and accommodate all levels of society. Novelty/Originality of This Article: This study highlights spatial injustice in the distribution and accessibility of green open spaces in South Jakarta using GIS analysis, revealing disparities despite meeting per capita standards and inadequate government budget allocation.

背景：城市化进程已大幅缩减雅加达（Jakarta）的公共开放绿地规模，对生态平衡与市民生活品质造成负面影响。尽管学界已充分认知公共开放绿地对城市生活品质的重要性，但针对雅加达等大城市的公共开放绿地分配与可达性相关的空间正义（spatial justice）的系统性研究仍较为匮乏。本研究旨在评估南雅加达（South Jakarta）公共开放绿地的分布、可达性及政府预算分配情况，重点关注空间正义与公平可达性议题。
研究方法：本研究借助地理信息系统（Geographic Information System, GIS）软件，评估城市绿地的分布与可达性；对政府预算分配开展描述性分析；并评价南雅加达公共绿地规划的正义性。
研究发现：尽管南雅加达公共开放绿地的整体供给量达到了人均0.2平方米的标准，但帕萨尔明古（Pasar Minggu）与佩桑格拉汉（Pesanggrahan）两个街区仍存在绿地供给缺口，且雅加达南部全域的绿地可达性仍不均衡。
研究结论：相较于雅加达首都特区（DKI Jakarta）的总预算规模，政府为绿地配置的预算比例相对偏低。南雅加达市的公共开放绿地规划尚未完全实现空间正义，这一问题源于绿地数量不足、面积偏小且分布不均，无法覆盖所有区域、满足各阶层社会群体的需求。
本文的创新性与原创价值：本研究借助GIS分析，揭示了南雅加达公共开放绿地分布与可达性方面存在的空间非正义现象：尽管整体达到了人均绿地标准，但仍存在显著的供给差距，且政府预算配置不足。