Ross Sea hydrographic, nutrient, nitrate isotope, and nitrifying microbial abundance data collected during the 41st Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (2025)

This dataset contains hydrographic parameters, nutrient concentrations, nitrate dual-isotope compositions, and abundances of nitrifying microorganisms collected from the Ross Sea shelf (72–75°S, 165–170°W) during the 41st Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) aboard R/V Xuelong 2. Samples were collected during the austral summer (26 February–1 March 2025) and austral autumn (31 March–3 April 2025).