Enhancements for ISO 37120 “Sustainable cities and communities” from smart city concept

Abstract Smart cities are cities where information and communication technologies are used to achieve an efficient management of resources and to increase citizen participation. To achieve sustainability is on of the main goals of these cities, leading researchers to adopt the expression “smart sustainable cities”. In order to achieve this goal, the following tools are necessary: assessment systems to target public intervention and investments, comparisons between cities and the replication of good examples. The most important assessment system is proposed by the standard ISO 37120:2018 “Sustainable cities and communities - indicators for city services and quality of life”. However, an appropriate assessment of smart cities requires specific indicators that take into account each city’s specific characteristics and their sustainability focus. Hence, a literature review was was performed, searching for previous studies that could be used as references for smart cities indicators systems, complementing the current ISO standard. The studies considered in this review take a holistic view of cities. As a result, this research project obtained indicator systems with ordinal quantitative and qualitative variables, as well as some indicators that overlap with ISO ones. As a conclusion, this study suggests two improvements: increasing the number of indicators suggested by ISO, and modifying some of the overlapping ones, so that they are in line with the smart cities concept.

摘要 智慧城市（Smart Cities）是指运用信息与通信技术实现资源高效管理、提升市民参与度的城市。实现可持续发展是这类城市的核心目标之一，由此学界研究者提出了“智能可持续城市”这一表述。为达成这一目标，需依托三类核心工具：用于指导公共干预与投资的评估体系、城市间横向对比机制，以及优秀实践的复制推广路径。当前最具影响力的评估体系由ISO 37120:2018标准《可持续城市与社区——城市服务与生活质量指标》（Sustainable cities and communities - indicators for city services and quality of life）提出。然而，针对智慧城市的恰当评估，需要结合各城市自身特色与可持续发展重心定制专属指标。为此，本研究开展了系统性文献综述，检索可作为智慧城市指标体系参考依据的既往研究，以补充现行ISO标准的不足。本次综述纳入的研究均采用全域视角审视城市发展。最终，本研究梳理得到包含有序定量与定性变量的指标体系，同时发现部分指标与ISO标准存在重叠。基于上述结论，本研究提出两项优化方向：一是扩充ISO标准建议的指标数量，二是对部分重叠指标进行适配性修订，使其契合智慧城市的核心内涵。