Eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behavior among Brazilian schoolchildren: National Student Health Survey, 2015

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Urbanization and industrialization have contributed to changes in eating patterns, as well as the emergence of sedentary behaviors and reduced physical activity. Objectives: To identify and describe the prevalence of eating habits, physical activity and sedentary behavior in Brazilian schoolchildren, and to analyze their association with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Data from the National Student Health Survey (PeNSE) of 2015 were used. Prevalence rates, prevalence ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. The analyses were adjusted for age and maternal schooling. Results: The majority of adolescents: consumed beans (65.1%) and snacks (52.3%); had more than three days of physical education at school (50.7%); practiced physical activity out of school for more than three days (55.4%); had a sedentary behavior (73.3%); and, had physical activity during 60min/day for less than four days a week (72.7%). In general, girls were more exposed to unhealthy eating habits and sedentary behavior, and a higher socioeconomic level was associated with higher prevalence of the indicators studied. High consumption of unhealthy foods, increased sedentary behavior and reduction in the practice of physical activity. Conclusion: An association of unhealthy attitudes with sociodemographic characteristics was observed among schoolchildren. Strategies that focus on reducing these behaviors will contribute to health promotion actions in the school and family environments.

摘要：
引言：城市化与工业化进程推动饮食模式发生改变，同时催生久坐行为增多、体力活动减少等公共卫生问题。
研究目标：明确并描述巴西学龄青少年的饮食习惯、体力活动与久坐行为的流行特征，并分析其与社会人口学特征的关联。
研究方法：本研究采用2015年全国学生健康调查（National Student Health Survey，PeNSE）的数据，计算了患病率、患病率比及95%置信区间（95%CI），所有分析均针对年龄与母亲受教育程度进行了混杂校正。
研究结果：多数学龄青少年存在以下行为特征：食用豆类食品（65.1%）与零食（52.3%）；在校体育课程周时长超过三天（50.7%）；校外体力活动周时长超过三天（55.4%）；存在久坐行为（73.3%）；每周每日60分钟体力活动时长不足四天（72.7%）。总体而言，女性群体更易出现不健康饮食习惯与久坐行为，较高的社会经济水平与本次研究关注的各项指标较高患病率呈正相关，同时存在不健康食品高摄入、久坐行为增加与体力活动水平降低的趋势。
研究结论：本研究观察到巴西学龄青少年的不健康行为模式与社会人口学特征存在显著关联。针对上述行为制定的干预策略，将有助于推进学校与家庭环境中的健康促进工作。