Datasets for each Outcome Category

Data from 27 randomised controlled trials included in this systematic review was independently extracted by two review authors and entered into a pre-piloted data extraction form. If information was missing, study authors were contacted with up to four follow-up Emails.We calculated standardised effect sizes for intermediate outcomes and distal outcomes. Standardised effect sizes are scale-free and provide comparable information about the magnitude and direction of each effect and can thus be aggregated across studies. For continuous outcome measures, standardised mean differences (SMDs) were calculated. To adjust for potential bias from small sample sizes, we used Hedges’ g correction for all effect sizes. For outcomes that were measured on a continuous scale in some studies and dichotomised in other studies (e.g. increases in saving amounts), we transformed odds ratios into SMDs and used Hedges’ g correction as described above. <i>Intermediate outcomes </i>included (a) increases in total savings, (b) financial literacy, and (c) savings attitudes, (d) investments in profitable business. It is crucial to account for potential crowd-out effects that can arise from the shifting of resources to the saving device endorsed by the interventions. We have therefore made efforts to focus on <i>total </i>household<i> </i>savings and otherwise sought to aggregate all information on savings held in different places to reach an average effect. <i>Distal outcomes</i> included (a) business profits, (b) food security, (c) investments in and status of health, (d) investments in education and educational attainment, and (e) household poverty measured through assets or expenditure/income.

本系统综述纳入的27项随机对照试验（randomised controlled trial）数据由2名综述作者独立提取，并录入预先经过试点测试的数据提取表单。若存在信息缺失，我们最多通过4封跟进邮件联系原研究作者。
我们计算了中间结局（intermediate outcome）与远端结局（distal outcome）的标准化效应量。标准化效应量无量纲，可提供各效应的大小与方向的可比信息，因此能够跨研究进行汇总。针对连续型结局指标，我们计算了标准化均数差（standardised mean difference, SMD）。为校正小样本量可能带来的偏倚，我们对所有效应量均采用了Hedges’ g校正法。对于部分研究中以连续量表测量、部分研究中以二分类方式测量的结局（例如储蓄金额的增长），我们将比值比转换为标准化均数差，并采用前述Hedges’ g校正法。
*中间结局*包含：(a) 总储蓄额增长，(b) 金融素养，(c) 储蓄态度，(d) 盈利性商业投资。有必要考量干预措施所推广的储蓄工具可能引发的资源转移所带来的潜在挤出效应（crowd-out effect），因此我们重点关注家庭总储蓄，并尽可能整合不同储蓄渠道的相关信息以得到平均效应。
*远端结局*包含：(a) 商业利润，(b) 粮食安全，(c) 健康相关投资与健康状况，(d) 教育相关投资与受教育程度，(e) 通过资产或支出/收入衡量的家庭贫困状况。