青藏高原土壤细菌多样性调查（V1.0）（2015）

青藏高原土壤细菌多样性数据集提供了青藏高原土壤表层（0-2厘米）微生物分布特征。样品采集时间为2015年7月1日至7月15日，包含草甸，草原，荒漠3种生态系统。土壤样品用冰袋保存，运回北京青藏高原研究所生态实验室。土壤DNA通过MO BIO PowerSoil DNA试剂盒提取。土壤表层样品采集后用液氮保存，运回悉尼实验室，通过FastPrep DNA试剂盒提取。提取后的DNA样品使用515F (5'-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3') and 909r (5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3')扩增16S rRNA基因片段。扩增后的片段通过Illumina Miseq PE250方式测序，原始数据通过Mothur软件分析。首先去除测序质量不佳序列，之后进行排序并去除嵌合体序列。之后计算序列之间相似度，相似度在97%以上的序列聚类为一个OTU，并定义OTU代表序列。OTU代表序列通过与Silva数据库进行比对，在可靠性大于>80%的情况下鉴定到属一级水平。本数据系统的比较了青藏高原微生物的多样性，对研究微生物在青藏高原的分布具有重大意义。

The Tibetan Plateau Soil Bacterial Diversity Dataset presents the distribution characteristics of surface soil (0–2 cm) microorganisms across the Tibetan Plateau. Samples were collected between July 1 and July 15, 2015, covering three ecosystems: meadow, steppe, and desert.
Two separate preservation and extraction workflows were applied: one portion of soil samples was preserved with ice packs and transported to the Ecological Laboratory of the Beijing Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, where soil DNA was extracted using the MO BIO PowerSoil DNA Kit. The remaining surface soil samples were immediately preserved with liquid nitrogen after collection, transported to a laboratory in Sydney, and their DNA was extracted using the FastPrep DNA Kit.
Extracted DNA samples were amplified for 16S rRNA gene fragments using the primer pair 515F (5'-GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA-3') and 909R (5'-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3'). The amplified fragments were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq PE250 platform. Raw sequencing data were analyzed using the Mothur software: low-quality reads were first filtered out, followed by sequence alignment and chimera removal. Next, sequence similarity was calculated, and sequences with ≥97% similarity were clustered into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), with a representative sequence assigned to each OTU. The OTU representative sequences were aligned against the Silva database, and taxonomic identification at the genus level was conducted when the alignment reliability was greater than 80%.
This dataset supports comparative analyses of microbial diversity on the Tibetan Plateau, and is of great significance for research on the distribution patterns of microorganisms in this region.