基于全基因组关联研究的凡纳滨对虾AHPND抗性候选基因的鉴定

凡纳滨对虾是最重要的海水养殖品种之一。急性肝胰腺坏死病（AHPND）的大规模爆发给对虾养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失。本研究采用基于靶标测序技术的定制SNP芯片对1033哥AHPND抗性和易感个体进行基因分型。共获得54,092个高质量SNP标记。一项全基因组关联研究（GWAS）发现了122个与AHPND抗性性状相关的SNP，包括2个基因组水平显著SNP和120个染色体水平显著SNP。这些SNP分布在多条染色体上，在chr27上形成一个单倍型块，揭示了凡纳滨对虾抗AHPND的多基因结构。此外，在这些SNP附近鉴定了76个候选基因。其中，经证实与该性状相关的有转座子相关蛋白亚单位α (TRAPα)和鞘磷脂磷酸二酯酶样3（SMPDL3）。这些发现不仅为对虾抗AHPND的遗传机制提供了新的认识，而且为该物种的分子育种提供了有价值的遗传标记。

Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the most important marine aquaculture species. A large-scale outbreak of Acute Hepatopancreas Necrosis Disease (AHPND) has caused enormous economic losses to the shrimp aquaculture industry. In this study, a custom SNP chip based on targeted sequencing technology was used to genotype 1033 AHPND-resistant and susceptible individuals. A total of 54,092 high-quality SNP markers were obtained. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 122 SNPs associated with AHPND resistance trait, including 2 genome-wide significant SNPs and 120 chromosome-wide significant SNPs. These SNPs are distributed across multiple chromosomes and form a haplotype block on chr27, revealing the polygenic architecture of AHPND resistance in Litopenaeus vannamei. In addition, 76 candidate genes were identified near these SNPs. Among them, Transposase-associated protein subunit alpha (TRAPα) and Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3 (SMPDL3) have been verified to be associated with this trait. These findings not only provide new insights into the genetic mechanism of AHPND resistance in shrimp, but also offer valuable genetic markers for molecular breeding of this species.