Maternal Pterostilbene Modulates Offspring Gut Antioxidants/Lipid Metabolism through Breast Milk: A Multi-omics Study

The metabolic demands of lactating sows surge dramatically, often leading to elevated oxidative stress levels. These physiological changes may be transmitted through milk, potentially affecting piglet intestinal health. Pterostilbene (PTE) has garnered significant attention due to its potent antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of PTE on the antioxidant capacity, metabolic function, and gut microbiota and metabolites of both sow milk and piglets. Twelve healthy, similarly-sized crossbred sows were selected. All sows were randomly divided into two groups of six. The control group received a basal diet, while the PTE group received a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg PTE. The trial commenced seven days before farrowing and continued until weaning at 21 days of age. This study employed an exclusive breastfeeding model, with all piglets nursed by their biological mothers post-birth. One piglet per litter from each treatment group was selected for subsequent experiments.