Dataset of human-single neuron activity during a Sternberg working memory task.

We present a dataset of 1809 single neurons recorded from the human medial temporal lobe (amygdala and hippocampus) and medial frontal lobe (anterior cingulate cortex, pre-supplementary motor area, ventral medial prefrontal cortex) across 41 sessions from 21 patients that underwent intracranial monitoring for epileptic activity. Subjects first performed a screening task (907 neurons), based on which we identified images for which highly selective cells were present in the medial temporal lobe. Subjects then performed a working memory task (902 neurons), in which they were sequentially presented with 1-3 images, and following a maintenance period, were asked if a probe was identical to one of the currently maintained images. This Neural data without borders (NWB) formatted dataset includes spike times, extracellular spike waveforms, stimuli presented, behavior, electrode locations, and subject demographics. As validation, we replicate previous findings on the existence of concept cells and their persistent activity during working memory maintenance. This dataset provides a substantial amount of rare human single neuron recordings together with behavior, thereby enabling investigation of the neural mechanisms of working memory at the single-neuron level.

This code accompanies the following data descriptor:
* Kyzar M, Kamiński J, Brzezicka A, Reed CM, Chung JM, Mamelak AN, Rutishauser U. Dataset of human-single neuron activity during a Sternberg working memory task. Sci Data. 2024 Jan 18;11(1):89. doi: 10.1038/s41597-024-02943-8. PMID: 38238342; PMCID: PMC10796636.
[Link to Paper](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38238342/)
* Sample code to access and analyze this dataset has been provided: https://github.com/rutishauserlab/workingmem-release-NWB

本数据集包含21名因癫痫接受颅内监测的患者在41次记录会话中采集的1809个单个神经元活动数据，采集脑区涵盖内侧颞叶（杏仁核、海马体）与内侧额叶（前扣带回皮层、前补充运动区、腹侧内侧前额叶皮层）。受试者首先完成一项筛选任务（对应907个神经元），基于该任务数据我们筛选出内侧颞叶中存在高度选择性神经元的刺激图像。随后受试者完成一项工作记忆任务（对应902个神经元）：实验中依次向受试者呈现1至3张图像，经过一段记忆维持阶段后，向其出示探测图像，询问该探测图像是否属于当前维持的图像集合。本数据集采用神经数据无国界（Neural data without borders, NWB）格式存储，包含锋电位时序、细胞外锋电位波形、呈现的刺激信息、行为数据、电极位置以及受试者人口学特征。作为验证，我们复现了既往关于概念细胞及其在工作记忆维持阶段持续放电活动的研究发现。本数据集包含大量罕见的人类单个神经元记录数据及配套行为数据，可为在单神经元水平探究工作记忆的神经机制提供有力支撑。

本配套代码对应如下数据文献：
* Kyzar M、Kamiński J、Brzezicka A、Reed CM、Chung JM、Mamelak AN、Rutishauser U. 《斯特恩伯格工作记忆任务中人类单个神经元活动数据集》. 科学数据（Sci Data）. 2024年1月18日;11(1):89. DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-02943-8. PMID: 38238342; PMCID: PMC10796636.
[论文链接](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38238342/)
* 本数据集的访问与分析示例代码已公开：https://github.com/rutishauserlab/workingmem-release-NWB