USACE CWMS - Upper Susquehanna River Watershed

The Corps Water Management System (CWMS) includes four interrelated models to assist with water management for the basin:

- GeoHMS (Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension)
- ResSIM (Reservoir System Simulation)
- RAS (River Analysis System)
- FIA (Flood Impact Analysis)

The Susquehanna River watershed is the second largest watershed east of the Mississippi River with a contributing drainage area of approximately 27,500 sq. mi. Originating in New York State and flowing through Pennsylvania and Maryland, the Susquehanna River flows in a southerly direction for approximately 630 mi before emptying into the Chesapeake Bay. The Susquehanna River watershed is bordered by the Ohio River to the west, Delaware River to the east, and the Lake Erie Basin to the north. Major tributaries to the Susquehanna River include the Chemung River, West Branch Susquehanna River, and Juniata River.

The Upper Susquehanna River, as defined by NAB, lies upstream of the Chemung River confluence. This portion of the larger Susquehanna River watershed consists of steeply sloped hills and ridges and is largely comprised of farmland.1 However, there are several large population centers, including Binghamton, NY, Johnson City, NY, Endicott, NY, Cortland, NY, and Oneonta, NY. Approximately 500,000 people reside within the Upper Susquehanna River watershed.

Elevations range from approximately 630 ft above sea level near the Chemung River confluence to over 2700 ft above sea level in the northern portion of the Upper Susquehanna River watershed.

The source of the Upper Susquehanna River lies within Otsego Lake, which is near Cooperstown, NY. Flowing generally southwest for a distance of approximately 110 miles, the river passes the villages of Unadilla, Bainbridge, and Windsor, NY. The Unadilla River, which is a major tributary, enters from the west. East Sidney Dam, which lies on Ouleout Creek, provides flood damage reduction along the Upper Susquehanna River downstream of the Village of Unadilla, NY. The Upper Susquehanna River then enters the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and makes a 180-degree loop of approximately 20 miles. The river then re-enters New York and flows for approximately 20 miles downstream. At this point, the Chenango River enters from the north within the City of Binghamton, NY. Whitney Point Dam, lying on the Otselic River (which is a tributary to the Tioughnioga River and in turn the Chenango River), provides additional flood damage reduction below this point. The river then flows past the cities of Johnson City and Endicott, NY before re-entering the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania approximately 10 miles upstream of the Chemung River confluence.

美国陆军工程兵团水管理系统（Corps Water Management System, CWMS）包含四个相互关联的模型，用于辅助流域水管理工作：
- 地理水文建模扩展工具（Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension, GeoHMS）
- 水库系统模拟工具（Reservoir System Simulation, ResSIM）
- 河道分析系统（River Analysis System, RAS）
- 洪水影响分析工具（Flood Impact Analysis, FIA）

萨斯奎哈纳河（Susquehanna River）流域是密西西比河以东第二大流域，汇水面积约27500平方英里。该河发源于纽约州，流经宾夕法尼亚州与马里兰州，整体向南流淌约630英里后注入切萨皮克湾。萨斯奎哈纳河流域西接俄亥俄河、东邻特拉华河、北邻伊利湖流域，主要支流包括希芒河（Chemung River）、萨斯奎哈纳河西支流（West Branch Susquehanna River）以及朱尼亚塔河（Juniata River）。

根据北美流域委员会（NAB）的定义，上游萨斯奎哈纳河指希芒河汇口以上河段。该区域属于更大范围的萨斯奎哈纳河流域，以陡坡丘陵与山脊为主，土地利用以农田为主¹。但区域内也分布多个大型人口聚居区，包括纽约州的宾汉顿（Binghamton）、约翰逊城（Johnson City）、恩迪科特（Endicott）、科特兰（Cortland）以及奥尼昂塔（Oneonta）。上游萨斯奎哈纳河流域常住人口约50万。

流域内海拔范围从希芒河汇口附近的约630英尺海拔，到上游流域北部的2700英尺以上海拔。

上游萨斯奎哈纳河的源头位于纽约州库珀斯敦附近的奥齐戈湖（Otsego Lake）。河流整体向西南方向流淌约110英里，途经纽约州的尤纳迪拉（Unadilla）、贝恩布里奇（Bainbridge）以及温莎（Windsor）等村镇。主要支流尤纳迪拉河（Unadilla River）从西侧汇入干流。位于乌卢特溪（Ouleout Creek）上的东西德尼大坝（East Sidney Dam），可在纽约州尤纳迪拉村下游河段为上游萨斯奎哈纳河提供防洪减灾效益。随后河流进入宾夕法尼亚州，形成一段约20英里的180度弯道，之后再次返回纽约州，继续向下流淌约20英里。此时，切南戈河（Chenango River）在纽约州宾汉顿市从北侧汇入干流；奥塞利克河（Otselic River）为蒂奥加尼亚河的支流，而蒂奥加尼亚河又隶属于切南戈河水系，位于该河上的惠特尼角大坝（Whitney Point Dam）可在该汇口下游区域进一步发挥防洪减灾支持作用。河流随后流经纽约州的约翰逊城与恩迪科特，最终在希芒河汇口上游约10英里处再次进入宾夕法尼亚州。